Cleavage product

The cleavage products are a phenol and an alkyl iodide, which will serve to characterise the ether. 

State correlation diagram for heteronuclear case in which both heterolytic bond cleavage products are energetically favored relative to homolytic cleavage. 

Carbon-carbon triple bonds can be cleaved by ozonolysis The cleavage products are carboxylic acids... 

The neutralized cleavage product, consisting of acetone, phenol, water, hydrocarbons, and trace organic impurities, is separated in a series of distillation columns. Also in this section alpha-methylstyrene is either recovered as a product or hydrogenated to cumene. 

The cleavage products of several sulfonates are utilized on an industrial scale (Fig. 3). The fusion of aromatic sulfonates with sodium hydroxide [1310-73-2J and other caustic alkalies produces phenohc salts (see Alkylphenols Phenol). Chlorinated aromatics are produced by treatment of an aromatic sulfonate with hydrochloric acid and sodium chlorate [7775-09-9J. Nitriles (qv) (see Supplement) can be produced by reaction of a sulfonate with a cyanide salt. Arenesulfonates can be converted to amines with the use of ammonia. This transformation is also rather facile using mono- and dialkylamines. 

Irradiation of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles in alcoholic solvents gave reaction products such as acetals incorporating the reaction solvent. The use of triethylamine in acetonitrile media produced ketene-aminals by reductive ring cleavage. The reductive ring cleavage product was also obtained by irradiation of the isoxazole in alcohol in the presence of copper(II) salts (Scheme 3) (76JCS(P1)783). 

A study of the photolysis of A, B, and C has been reported. A gives both D and the cleavage product benzaldehyde. B gives only E. C gives benzaldehyde and the stereoisomer B. Discuss the ways in which the presence and configuration of the remote t-butyl group can control the product composition, and account for the formation of the observed products. 

A consequence of the orientation of the 11-carbonyl function towards the C-19 methyl group which is retained in the excited state is the exclusive functionalization at C-19. Ring cleavage products of the Norrish II type are not observed but the reaction is rather sensitive to conformational changes in the substrate. In a series of experiments conducted under comparable conditions (24 hr irradiation) the yield of cyclobutanols drops... 

The nature and position of substituents on the arylidene ring markedly affect the ratio of addition products to cleavage products. As expected, electron-releasing substituents enhance the cleavage reaction. 

The reaction of the fervenulin 1-oxides 100 with secondary amines results in contraction of the 1,2,4-triazine ring to form 2-amino-5,7-dimethylimidazo[4,5-e] pyrimidine-4,6(5/7,7//)-diones 101. The reaction of the same fervenulin 1-oxides 100 with ammonia leads to the 1,2,4-triazine ring cleavage product, 1,3-dimethyl-5-imino-6-isonitrosouracil 102 (94KGS1253). 

Whereas the cleavage of /S-poly(L-malate) at neutral pH is at random [2], alkaline hydrolysis reveals characteristic patterns of the cleavage products, which is due to nonrandom chain scission (Fig. 3). The phenomenon is explained by an autocatalytic ester hydrolysis. Assuming that one (or both) of the polymer ends bends... 

Reagent Principal cleavage products From EO From PO Comments... 

Alkynes, like alkenes, can be cleaved by reaction with powerful oxidizing agents such as ozone or KMnC, although the reaction is of little value and we mention it only for completeness. A triple bond is generally less reactive than a double bond and yields of cleavage products are sometimes low. The products obtained from cleavage of an internal alkyne are carboxylic acids from a terminal alkyne, CO2 is formed as one product. 

Benzyl- and Phenoxymethylpenicillins, Ampidllin, Carbenicillin Cephalosporin C Cephaloglycine, Cephaloridine, Cephalothin Hydrolysis Corresponding p-lactam ring cleavage products Escherichia coli Streptomyces aibus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter cloacae Streptomyces sp. 

There is no clear reason to prefer either of these mechanisms, since stereochemical and kinetic data are lacking. Solvent effects also give no suggestion about the problem. It is possible that the carbon-carbon bond is weakened by an increasing number of phenyl substituents, resulting in more carbon-carbon bond cleavage products, as is indeed found experimentally. All these reductive reactions of thiirane dioxides with metal hydrides are accompanied by the formation of the corresponding alkenes via the usual elimination of sulfur dioxide. 

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