Oilseed processing

Ismail Hassan Hussein National Oilseed Processing... 

Table L Prevention of aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed by toxigenic strains of AspergiUus flavus with a strain of the fungus which does not produce aflatoxins (Cotty, 1989. Proc. 38th Oilseed Processing Clinic, pg. 30)...

Daun, J.K. 1993. Oilseeds processing. Grain Processing and Technology , Vol. 2, pp. 883-936. Canadian International Grains Institute, Manitoba, Canada. 

Food Products Manufacturings Grain Distribution, Milling Oilseed Processing Chemicals... 

The production or import of oilseed in a particular country will be determined by whichever oilseed product is in the greatest demand. For example, in Japan, the oilseed processing industry will consider the current domestic need for oils and fats, international markets for oils and fats, and domestic and international demand for protein meals before a decision is made as to which oilseed will be imported. Basically, when domestic need for protein is high, soybean will be imported and processed. If domestic demand for oil is the driving force, Japan imports canola for processing (151). 

Most vegetable oil production facilities are major sources of particulate matters (PM). Depending on the oilseed processed, PM emissions can be 0.1-0.3 lbs of total suspended particulate (TSP), which is about 50% PMio (PM smaller than 10 microns) and less than 2% PM2.5 (PM smaller than 2.5 microns), per ton of seed processed. PM controls would also have to be part of a facility s federal and state permits. Cottonseed oil production facilities probably also have to include NO, SO, and CO emissions in their federal and state permits. 

H. H. Ramsey, in Proceedings 33rd Oilseed Processing Chnic, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 16-17, 1984. 

T. Harper, in R. E. Wilson, ed.. Proceedings of the World Conference on Oilseed Processing and Utilization, AOCS Press, Champaign, Illinois, 2001, p. 25. 

K. C. Rhee, E. W. Lusas, L. R. Watkins, and D. H. Kinard, in Proceedings 37th Oilseed Processing Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 14—15, 1988. 

A final section addresses the fundamentals of wastewater treatment processes often employed in fats and oils and oilseeds processing. This article addresses air and solid waste aspects of the industries as well, but the primary focus is on wastewater. 

Figure 1 is a conceptual flow diagram that shows the major processes of a typical oilseed processing and refining facility. For the purposes of this presentation, the following processes are considered ... 

Figure 1. Conceptual flow diagram, oilseed processing.

The Eederal Clean Air Act requires the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to establish hazardous air pollutant emission criteria per unit of production. These standards have been promulgated and range from 0.2 to 0.25 kg for 100 kg of oilseeds processed, for specihc categories of extraction and oilseed type. Attainment of this hgure requires a properly designed vent and cooling water system with minimal intermptions to the operations. 

TABLE 3. Major Solid Waste Sources in Oilseeds Processing. 

Selected wastewater issues in oilseeds processing that have application to numerous processors in the United States and elsewhere are discussed here. 

All waste streams must receive oil separation of some sort before any further treatment. Every oilseeds processing and oil processing plant requires facilities for capturing of floatable fats and oils resulting from both day-to-day losses and larger spill situations. 

Comments are made here relative to processes which have had only marginal success in oilseed processing. 

Probably the largest change in the oilseed processing industry in the last 20 years has been the introduction of expander/extruders. As described in Section 3.4, their... 

For comprehensive reviews of essentially all of the pure and mixed solvents associated with oilseed processing, see Johnson and Lusas (187). Lusas et al. (146), and Hron et al. (covering biorenwable solvents) (159). 

L. Lin, K. C. Rhee, and S. S. Koseoglu, in S. S. Koseoglu, K. C. Rhee, andR. Wilson, eds.. Proceedings of 1996 AOCS World Conference and Exhibition on Oilseed Processing and Edible Oil Refining, AOCS Press Champaign, Illinois, 1998. 

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