Prices average

L. D. Cunningham, Silicon MnnualKeview, U.S. Dept, of Interior, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C., 1994 "Monthly Price Averages," Platt s... 

In contrast to a typical industrial robot, the laboratory robot must be flexible and user-programmable. Many laboratory robots incorporate tactile sensing and other verification methods. However, vision capabilities are virtually nonexistent at this time. Laboratory robots range in price from 25,000- 100,000 with typical system prices averaging 40, 000- S0,000. 

Sulfuric acid price averaged about 33 20 U.S.S per tonne between 1980 and 2003. It varies widely year to year due to small imbalances between acid demand and supply. 

Competition, market size, retail price, average order size, up-sell potential, and other revenue-related assumptions. 

Soybean meal prices averaged about 209 per metric ton with little trend in nominal terms over the last ten years (Fig. 5.25). The coefficient of variation is 23% with the range in prices being 144 to 305, at two standard deviations. 

SMR results are particularly sensitive to fuel price assumptions (Table 6.5). Natural gas prices historically have exhibited fairly strong price volatility. For example, while the EIA forecasts natural gas prices for utilities will be about 4.27 /MBtu in 2010 and are expected to reach 5.20 /MBtu in 2020, natural gas prices averaged much higher in 2004, at 6.11 /MBtu (EIA 2006). For the default SMR efficiency of 70%, each 1 rise in natural gas prices increases produced hydrogen costs by 0.16 /kg. A doubling of predicted prices in 2010 would increase hydrogen production costs by 0.97 /kg. 

The defivered costs of natural gas to electric utility plants averaged 3.57 /MBtu, 5.37 /MBtu, and 5.90 /MBtu in 2002,2003, and 2004, respectively. For the same years (2002-2000), coal prices averaged 1.25 /MBtu, 1.28 /MBtu, and 1.36 /MBtu (DOE, 2005b). 

Participants are allowed to use credits from specified offset projects in eligible states for up to 3.3% of their compliance obligation. If the allowance price averages more than US 7, the limit on credit use rises to 5%. If the allowance price averages more than US 10, the limit on credit use rises to 10% and credits can be units issued by the UNFCCC or an approved emissions trading scheme outside the USA. The RGGI does not include a provision for a bilateral link with another emissions trading scheme. 

Uranium prices have fluctuated significantly over the last several years. From 2003 to 2006, uranium prices averaged about 20/pound of UaOg ( 23.60/pound of uranium). The spot price market peaked at nearly 90/pound early in 2007, with the average spot price in the 2012-2013 being in the 50/pound (UjOg) range. 

The production of AC, in the USA, for the year 2002, was 350 million pounds (about 150 X lO kg or 150,000 tonnes). Of this production, 79% is for liquid-phase applications, the other 21% being used for air purity projects, the spent AC having to be regenerated. The carbons for air quality control are generally somewhat more expensive than liquid-phase carbons, the prices averaging out at about 1.15 per pound. The US production has a capacity of about 435 milhon pounds. 

Sulfuric acid price averaged about 50 per tonne from 2003 to 2007, spiked to over 400 in 2008, and settled at 150 per tonne in 2012. 

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