Oilseed crop

Soybeans are the predominant oilseed crop in the world, providing one-half of the total oilseed production (Table 7). Cottonseed is second. Worldwide, rapeseed is in third place, but this is stiU a minor oilseed in the United States. Peanuts and sunflower are fourth and fifth, respectively. Since becoming estabhshed as a crop in the United States, soybeans have shown phenomenal growth and contribute significantly to the agricultural economy (Table 8). 

LesquereUa is an oilseed crop that has been mentioned as a potential industrial crop but is not yet grown in significant quantities. Castor beans have been a crop in the United States and provide a weU-known lubricating product, castor oil [8001-79-4]. However, castor is grown only in small quantities and most of the castor used in the United States is imported from Bra2il (11). 

Et Et -CH2OCH3 Alachlor 15972-60-8 Maize, soybeans, sorghum, sugarcane, oilseed crops, peanuts... 

The plant of choice which can be used for PHA production will be influenced by a number of factors. Of prime importance is cost, i. e., in which crop will PHA production be cheapest. The answer to this question is likely to be different depending on the agricultural economics of each country. For example, if one considers oilseed crops, rapeseed may be the best crop for Northern European countries and Canada, sunflower for Southern European countries, and soybean for the USA. Other important factors which may influence the choice of target plant are the nature of the metabolic pathway that needs to modified for synthesis of a particular PHA, the procedure used for PHA purification, and the other uses of the crop besides PHA production. 

Karamanos, R.E., Kruger, G.A. and Stewart, J.W.B. (1986). Copper deficiency in cereal and oilseed crops in Northern Canadian prairie soils , Agronomy Journal, 78, 317-323. 

Falseflax is a self-pollinating oilseed crop, rarely used for food, which originates from the Fertile Crescent This is also being developed as a sprout-based production platform by UniCrop Ltd, Helsinki, Finland (Chapter 3). 

Microalgae and oilseed crops can provide diesel fuel. The use of these alcohol fuels can reduce air pollution. Methane made from anaerobically digested manure was used to light streets in England as early as 1895. Anaerobic digestion is also used to produce fertilizers. 

Energy crops Short-rotation woody crops, herbaceous woody crops, grasses, starch crops, sugar crops, forage crops, oilseed crops, switchgrass, miscanthus... 

Jolliff GD, Tinsley U, Calhoun W, Crane JM (1981) Meadowfoam Limnanthes alba) its research and development as a potential new oilseed crop for the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University... 

Kleiman R (1990) Chemistry of new industrial oilseed crops. In Janlck J, Simon JE (eds) Advances in new crops. Timber, Portland, pp 196-203... 

Less Conventional Sources of Protein. In addition (o the traditional animal sources of protein already described and the very large amounts of vegetable protein derived from the soybean, other sources of protein on a large scale for the future are under intense study. Among these are (1) oilseed crops, such as rapeseed and cottonseed (2) leaf proteins (3) algae and (4) single-cell protein. 

Flax is grown mainly to produce linseed oil for industrial applications, Western Canada, China and India being leading producers. Other important areas of production are the Northern Plains of the USA (Maddock et al., 2005), Argentina, the former USSR and Uruguay. Flax is grown typically under dryland conditions. In Canada, flax is produced only as an industrial oilseed crop and not for textile use as in some countries. 

Sesame is grown mainly in China, India, Africa, South-east Asia and Mexico as an oil crop. It is known as the queen of the oilseed crops because of the excellent culinary properties of the oil (Ravindran and Blair, 1992). Due to an increasing demand for sesame oil, world production of sesame has increased. The major producers are India, China, Sudan, Burma and Mexico. Sesame is a crop of the tropics, but its extension into the temperate zone has been made possible through breeding of suitable varieties. After oil extraction the meal can be used for animal feeding. Sesame meal is not of significant importance for poultry feeding, however. 

Justin Stege (Diversa Corporation) discussed the molecular evolution of enzymes for particular pathways, with a focus on the modification of oil composition. Oleochemical applications for such enzymes include applications as biocatalysts for fatty acid modifications. In a program to integrate production and processing, such enzymes can be used to modify the fatty acid content of vegetable oils in planta. Results show that expressing such new enzymes in oilseed crops has resulted in altered oil composition, and that the features may be used to better design plant-based oils for use as biofuels and as improved renewable feedstocks. 

Table 2.1 World production (2006) of major oilseed crops (FAOSTAT) and typical oil contents for oil crops widely used by industry...

The first transgenic (across genera) oilseed crops were planted in the United States and... 

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