Total protein content

The cell growth was much faster on the chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds with the glass than on the chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffold without the glass. The total protein content of cells increased over time on both composites. The cells on the chitosan-hydroxyapatite-glass also expressed significantly higher amount of alkaline phosphatase at days 7 and 11 and osteocalcin at day 7 than those on chitosan-hydroxyapatite [165]. 

Collagen is the major protein component of coimective tissue and constitutes approximately 25% of the total protein content in humans. There are more than 19... 

The culture broth was recovered after 72 h of fermentation, the biomass removed and the total protein content measured. Broth aliquots with a protein content of 1 mg were collected and their pH regulated at different values ranging from 3.5 to 8.0. To each broth fraction, 50 mg of the microspheres sample, previously equilibrated at the corresponding pH, was added and the suspension left under stirring overnight. Then, the microspheres were removed by centrifugation and the protein content and the PG activity were assayed on the resulting supernatant. 

The grain or pulse forms of legumes have a high total protein content (20-26%) and can therefore be used as a natural supplement to cereals. Pulses are normally deficient in the essential amino acids methionine and cystine but contain enough lysine, whereas cereals are deficient in lysine but contain enough methionine and cystine. 

This sample is a biopsy taken from the fundus of a patient with Barrett s esophagus under informed consent. The biopsy was fixed in 70% ethanol within 15 s of sampling and was homogenized within 5 min. It is possible to obtain the sample, process it, and complete the electrophoresis within 1 h. The biopsy is roughly 3 mm long, 1 mm wide and 500 pm deep. Its total protein content is 150 pg. This homogenate is prepared in 400 pL of solution and can be used for dozens of analyses. 

After protein concentrations have been determined, cell lystates should be normalized for total protein content. In some cases (low abundance/weakly reacting antisera), it may be necessary to immunoprecipitate the protein under study prior to analysis. See later for the procedure. 

Because the total protein content of a rapeseed is 25 % dry weight, the total protein production level would be 2250 kg ha-1 in 1 ha of greenhouse space per year. If the... 

Stoger et al. [23] also observed that between species, the amounts of scFv per unit fresh weight were in the same range, and did not correlate with the total protein content in the plant. For example, even though pea is a much more proteinaceous crop than rice, the amounts of antibody measured as a percentage of TSP were considerably lower. 

Mansour, M.M.S., N.M. El-Malkh, and E.M.I. El-Zayat. 1989. Effect of dietary zinc deficiency on serum and testicular total protein contents in male albino rats. Jour. Drug Res. (Egypt) 18 131-142. 

The protein content of cookies was markedly influenced by the addition and protein content of the various legume flours (Figure 4). Each increment of peanut flour raised the total protein content in cookies by 1.5%. Increases of 1.4% occurred with soy flour and 0.5% with cowpea flour. 

Defatted flours are especially attractive as protein sources, since 10-12% substitution of wheat flour with 50% protein flour will raise total protein content of typical wheat breads by approximately 50%, and 25% substitution will almost double the protein content of cookies. Preparation of protein-enriched breads has been reported in the literature using soy flours and protein concentrates (25), peanut flours and peanut protein concentrates C26, 27), glandless cottonseed flours, concentrates and isolates (28), sunflower seed flours and seed protein concentrates (27) and sesame flours and protein concentrates (26). 

Soy flours and concentrates are used in compounded breakfast cereals, primarily for improving total protein content and PER. In the absence of dry nonfat milk solids, glucose is often included in bakery products formulations to impart a toasted brown color. Most... 

The word protein describes only one type of polymer involving mainly a-amino acids and yet it includes many thousands of different molecules. It is possible to measure the total protein content of a sample despite the fact that relatively simple preparative techniques may be capable of demonstrating the presence of different proteins. However, if interest lies in only one of these proteins, then a measure of the total protein content would be completely inappropriate. Methods for the quantitation of proteins are either suitable for all proteins or designed to measure individual proteins. Such specific methods may depend on either a preparative stage in the analysis or the use of a specific characteristic of the protein in question. 

Figure 2. Line chart showing intracellular ATP concentration in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, control (open circle) or irradiated with a dose of 4 Gy X-ray (closed circle). Bars represent SD of triplicates of a single experiment. ATP concentration was normalised for mg of total protein content (Cristiano Ferlini, unpublished observations).

A final reaction volume of 250 pL, containing 2.6 pyi YqjM (corresponds to approximately 0.1 mg mL total protein content), 25 him EDTA, 100 pu FMN, 1 him ketoi-sophorone and 50 mM tris-HCl (pH 7.4), was incubated under anaerobic conditions (closed reaction vessel with small head space) at 30 °C in a water bath exposed to the light of a 100 W Osram white-light bulb for 4 h. The experimental semp was the same as described in Procedure 2 (Section 10.2.2). 

Disorder of protein metabolism could be noticed in 13% decrease of total protein content in blood serum. The observed hypoproteinemia was stipulated by 25% decrease of albumin fraction. The index showing correlation between the level of middle molecules and total protein was 65% higher in Group 2 indicating prevalence of protein degradation processes over their synthesis. The revealed disorders indicated the development of liver failure syndrome. Profound disorders were also registered in lipid metabolism. We determined the intensification of lipolysis by increase in the concentration of the main lipid fractions in blood serum. The level... 

For measuring water absorption by the excess water method, the techniques developed by Janicki and Walczak (described by Hamm, 21) for meats and by Sosulski (22) for wheat flour are modified. Lin et al. (17) modified the Sosulski technique for use with sunflower and soy meal products. This modified procedure has been employed for much of the research on water absorption of plant protein additives. Water absorption capacities of a soy flour, two soy concentrates, and two soy isolates were compared by Lin et al. (17) to those of a sunflower flour, three sunflower concentrates, and one sunflower isolate. The percent water absorption of the soy products increased as the total protein content of the samples increased from flour to isolate. The soy flour absorbed 130% water, the soy concentrates absorbed an average of 212% water, and the soy isolates absorbed an average of 432% water. No calculations were made, however, that related the percent water absorbed to protein content of the samples. The sunflower products, though similar in protein content, did not respond in the same magnitude or direction as the soy products. 

The amount of fat in the ration has little effect on the fat content of milk, but the fatty acid composition of the dietary fat greatly influences that of milk fat (Chapter 4). Neither the total protein content of milk nor the proportions of the individual proteins is greatly influenced by the amount or kind of protein in the diet except at very greatly reduced intakes. Overfeeding with protein does, however, increase the NPN content of the milk (Thomas 1980). Milk of normal composition with the normal content and proportions of proteins can be produced on protein-free diets with urea and ammonium salts as the only sources of nitrogen (Virtanen 1966). 

Several useful methods for the quantitative determination of protein solutions were discussed in Chapter 2. Two of those methods, the Bradford protein assay and the direct spectrophotometric assay, will be applied to the a-lactalbumin solutions. Neither of these assays is specific for a certain type of protein rather they both estimate total protein content. 

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