Fiber crude

Ref. 29. Estimated by difference 100 — (protein + oil + ash + crude fiber) = nitrogen-free extract. 

The most important aspect of the therapy for constipation for the majority of patients is dietary modification to increase the amount of fiber consumed. Patients should be advised to include at least 10 g of crude fiber in their daily diets. Fruits, vegetables, and cereals have the highest fiber content. 

Bloom (12J reported that in both older rats (63 days of age) and younger rats (33 days of age) the amount of calcium retained was less when 5% dried spinach, either raw or cooked, was included in the diet in 1-week balance studies (Figure 1). The experimental diets contained about 0.4% calcium, and one drop of cod liver oil was given each rat every day. Most of the calcium excretion on the spinach diet was in the feces. Retentions of calcium on the basal low fiber diet and on diets containing filter paper in amounts to equal the crude fiber in spinach or 12 times the crude fiber in spinach were high. There was no significant difference in calcium retentions between raw and cooked spinach. The low retention of calcium from spinach could not be attributed to the presence of crude fiber in the diet. 

When rats were fed for a longer period of time, there was a high death rate among those fed spinach. There was considerable oxalic acid in the feces of the rats fed spinach. Results of these studies could not be explained on the basis of the crude fiber content of spinach. 

Experimental. A second study was conducted with nine postmenopausal women age 51-65 yr. The subjects were fed standardized meals for 19 weeks. The mean composition for the 7-day menus of natural foods as % of total calories was 15% protein, 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat with a P/S ratio of 0.7, 10 g/day crude fiber, and less than 300 mg/day cholesterol. In addition, the diets supplied 1289 mg calcium, 1832 mg phosphorus, 2561 mg sodium and 5099 mg potassium daily. The diets met the RDA for all other nutrients. Calorie levels were adjusted to maintain body weight. The experimental meals were fed during the last six weeks of this 19-week period. No more than one liquid meal was consumed by each subject in one week. Fasting and postprandial samples of blood and urine were collected as in the previous study. Diuresis was induced by scheduled consumption of water. 

The composition of the field pea depends not only on the species, but also on the cultivar that is being processed (4,5). Variations exist among cultivars (e.g., Trapper, Century) in protein, fat, carbohydrate (crude fiber and starch), and ash contents, as shown in Table I. Tyler and Panchuk (6) noted that the composition of field peas at different stages of maturity also affected the composition of the products, and this could ultimately influence their functionality in foods. 

Standard analytical procedures were used to evaluate the composition of ingredients. Of the proximate analyses, nitrogen, lipids, and crude fiber were measured by American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS) methods (12) and moisture and ash by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods (13). Amino acid analyses were performed by gas-liquid chromatography (14) except for tryptophan, which was analyzed colormetrically Tl5). In addition to these assays, certain tests of ingredient safety or spoilage were also performed, which space does not permit to be reported in this paper, to assure that ingredients met accepted standards for food safety (16). 

Analytical Methods. The samples were analyzed by standard AACC (21) procedures for moisture (air-oven method), protein (Method 46-13), crude fat (Method 30-25), crude fiber (Method 32-10), insoluble dietary fiber (Method 32-20) and ash (600°C, 3 hr). Starch content was determined by the polarimeter method (Method 76-20) and total sugars by Method 80-60. Color characteristics of the dried products were evaluated with the Hunter Color Difference Meter. 

N.A. Protein, carbohydrate, crude fiber, minerals.190 For fevers, vomiting, coughs, urinary tract infections. 

Possible Roles of insoluble Carbohydrates in Texture Development. Based on data obtained frcm soy isolate-soy hull blend texturization experiments, insoluble carbohydrates and crude fiber play an important role in modulating the morphology of final texturized products (Figures 11-14). Insoluble carbohydrates, because of their plastic response to deformation, control the type of alveolation developed during processing. 

Figure 12. SEMs oj nonextrusion TSF with different amounts of crude fiber (CF) ...

Moisture Ash Ether Extract Protein Crude Fiber N-free Extract... 

The chemical composition of dried orange juice sacs is as follows (44) crude fiber (18.9%), protein (9.0%), pectin (20.6%), ash (3.1%), fat 2.07.), moisture (10%), and other mostly carbohydrate material (36.4%). Another report (46), compared dried juice sac composition with whole peel and core material and found the three to be similar in composition. 

Model protein samples. Isolated soya protein (Purina Brand Assay Protein RP 100 ) was employed in these studies and found to contain on a dry matter basis 96% crude protein, 1.4% ash, 0.2% crude fiber, and 2% N-free extract. This material was used to prepare 48 samples, which were heated in airtight metal containers ( 250-ml ) at temperatures of 90, 110, 130° C for 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h respectively. 

Fraction Yield from rough rice, % Protein, N X 5.95, % Crude fat, % Crude fiber, % d.b. Crude ash, % N itrogen-free extract, % Free sugars, %... 

Forage Dry Matter % Digestible Nutrients % Digestible Protein % Crude Fiber %... 

General Changes in Corn Grain Composition. Samples of 18 varieties of corn, including hybrids and native varieties from distinct geographical areas of Mexico, were studied (see Figure 3 and Table IV). From Tables V and VI the most notable differences between the untreated and lime-treated corns are demonstrated an increase in mineral content and decreases in total protein, crude fiber, and ether extract. 

---