Proprietary data formats

Importing Files in Other Proprietary Data Formats 79... 

However, there may be times when you need to read proprietary data formats into SAS that SAS 9 cannot handle directly. In that case, DBMS/Copy version 8 can convert the following list of proprietary data file formats ... 

In a GC-MS or LC-MS metabonomics experiment each file represents a single biological sample. The basic goal of data processing is to transform raw data files to a standard and uniform format so that statistical analyses can be carried out. A variety of instrument vendors utilize different proprietary data formats. Thus, the first step in data processing requires a conversion of such raw proprietary data into common raw data format such as ASCII text or binary netCDF. More recently, a universal mzXML format has become more popular. Many vendor instrument software packages contain scripts to allow for such a file conversion [76],... 

According to the FDA guideline Scope and Application published in 2003, it is possible to delete the underlying original data in proprietary data format, if content and meaning of the data are preserved and archived on a different platform (paper, vendor-independent electronic format, e.g., PDF/A-I). 

At this moment, the creation of a global model to support large-scale company requirements, i.e. for aU the phases of product lifecycle, within all the supply chain and for a whole domain business ecosystem, is one challenge to be addressed by the international scientific community. STEP has been presented as a viable alternative to the current state of multiple, incomplete, overlapped and proprietary data formats, seeking solid and reliable data exchange between partners using heterogeneous systems [4]. 

A major argument for buying all of the CAE, CAD, and CAM tools from a single vendor is to ensure that they all play together. In the past, this was a major concern because each vendor had proprietary data formats and there were no industry standard data formats. IPC, IEEE, and other trade associations have evolved standard forms of data interchange between systems. These have been adopted by suppliers, such that it is relatively easy to interface best-in-class tools from different vendors to each other. 

On the other hand, if there is a normalization service, the result will be written into a set of files m another proprietary data format, and it may happen that during this process data ai-e not copied which may be essential for further data evaluation (e.y., the elapsed time since the start of the experiment, which is the most important parameter in any mechanical test - cf. Figure 8.11). 

The data are stored in a non-proprietary open format, so no special software is needed to open it. 

Data format Various (proprietary) formats acceptable, conversion to information manually Need for standardized data format, validated system for conversion of data... 

So far, all of the discussion in this review has focused on the representation of polymer structure and polymer information. However, another significant challenge in the development of polymer informatics is access to polymer data. In this context, the term access takes on two distinct meanings, namely access to data in terms of access-barriers (e.g., proprietary data, copyright considerations, etc.) and access in terms of the formats in which polymer data is communicated, handled and exchanged. 

Before reaching the point of complete data integration as given above, there are intermediary levels of data integration that are beneficial to better analysis of data from process analyzers. The best case would be to have all the data in a human readable form that is independent of the application data format. Over the years several attempts have been made to have a universal format for spectroscopic data, including JCAMP-DX and extensible markup language (XML). Because many instrument vendors use proprietary databases, and there is not a universal standard, the problem of multiple data formats persists. This has led to an entire business of data integration by third parties who aid in the transfer of data from one source to another, such as between instruments and the plant s distributed control system (DCS). 

Supporting data formats for nontextual sections Additional proprietary or standardized open data formats that are required by the ELN for appropriate visualization of nontext data. Examples are Molhle format for structure display, JCAMP format for spectra and chromatograms, or native binary formats for representing sections in proprietary visual format. In contrast to attachments, these data formats are required by the ELN for the appropriate visualization of contents. 

The informatics process requires the integration and analysis of datasets in the public domain as well as from proprietary data sources that represent the intellectual property of the research organization. Public flat-file biology data are often curated and delivered from a number of public ftp sites. This information is released periodically, and any private storage of this information must be kept up to date with the public data as they are released. In addition, these data may be available in a variety of physical formats, such as flat file, Extensible Markup Language (XML), and relational. Software systems must support the ability to keep proprietary information physically separate to facilitate both the periodic update of public data and the integrity and security of private intellectual property. 

The Tavema Project11 is an example of a domain-aware workflow toolkit that helps to define and perform these biological analyses and transformations. Tavema can handle both proprietary and XML-based data formats and uses XML itself to describe the workflows and data format transformations. Tavema also supports Web Service Definition Language (WSDL) and Web Services integration to exploit a services-oriented architecture when executing workflows, like the one described here. The services orientation that Tavema is built around works well with the services-based architecture presented here. Because Tavema interfaces with services (both informatics services and grid services like resource managers and security services), it is well suited for construction of the kinds of complex research pipelines common in bioinformatics research. 

D CAD data consist of continuous area and volume description and can therefore not be used directly as a VR database. The data have to be transformed in a polygonal database by a process called tessellation. For most of the current proprietary CAD formats there are one or more data filters, called tesseUators, that can also be used for generic formats such as IGES, VDA-FS, and STER But the best way in general is as close as possible to the generated data from CAD or other modeling tools. 

Primary electronic raw data (source data) in the manufacturer-specific format (proprietary data)... 

If the primary electronic data (source data of the chromatograms) of a certain HPLC system exist in a vendor-specific (proprietary) format, sooner or later, the manufacturer will announce with a system update that the old data format is no longer supported. 

In fact, suitable interfaces are necessary for software communication, since the disciplines involved use different applications. Besides, neutral data formats such as STEP AP 214 (ISO 10303) are required due to the fact that the different software components involved often create proprietary file formats. A neutral file format can ease information exchange between many applications, because it helps avoiding bidirectional conversions. 

Simulation data are inherently redundantly used to evaluate alternatives and needs to be provided for the different simulation tools in their proprietary data and file format representation. 

Besides the three main data formats described above, a variety of other company- or discipline-specific proprietary formats are used in multi-disciplinary engineering settings. In this section we will focus on acquiring semantic knowledge from spreadsheets, XML-based documents, and databases. 

Description. It can happen that in a proprietary data model the data type of a certain property was not modeled in an optimal way, e.g., the date can be represented in the format of string, instead of Date or DateTime. This type of correspondence encodes, therefore, how the value of one type in source ontology can be transformed into value of a different type in a target ontology. 

The standardisation process is broken. Standards need to be open source to facilitate easy updating in a highly volatile profession, and of unlimited free access. Proprietary file formats have caused enough misery without compounding it with proprietary standards. The current situation whereby standards are heavily protected, expensive and frequently outdated before they even appear is unhelpful to say the least and it is possible that Wikipedia and its like may play a substantial future role. NASA also has always been an excellent role model here, providing free access to lots of useful documents and data (e.g. Dvorak 2009). However, on a cautionary note, open source standards without measurement constraint will simply produce free words. 

Most in-house systems permit links to other database management software, in particular to relational database systems such as ORACLE, in order to integrate large amounts of textual or numeric data that already exist there with reaction databases. As many of the reaction retrieval systems mentioned here are able to import and export files in MolFile or RxnFile formats (originally proprietary file formats of MDL, later published), or in the SMD format, even exchange of reaction databases between different retrieval systems is often possible. ... 

The CSD database format is a set of proprietary binary files which contain indexes, keys and data for ID (e.g., numeric data), 2D and 3D aspects of crystallographic data. A subset of the CSD is now available from CCDC in MDLI s proprietary binary format containing only molecule (not crystallographic) data this version, covering about 80% of the CSD, represents nearly all those entries for which 2D-to-3D matching records exist. The intermediate files from this effort, in SDfile interchange format, may be used to construct 3D molecule databases under other database managers. 

Import of circuit structures and netlists from 2D ECAD Here again each software manufacturer has developed proprietary file formats that require import and export filters. In some instances the data exist in a text-only format. The principal difficulty, however, is that cryptic designations for components have to be traced back and matched to the descriptions in the component library in 2D ECAD. This is discussed in more detail in Section 8.10.2. 

On the other hand, the NDT service business has evolved towards a more open market, in which the prime contractor requires a transparent access to the data provided by the supplier, in order to ensure the comparison of data obtained from different sources and at different periods of time. Existing fomiats are most of the time proprietary formats released by instrument manufacturers, generally dealing with a unique NDT method and not including complementary information on the acquisition consequently, they fail to meet these requirements. 

Image Files. Only the physical problem of moving or storing files has been discussed herein. The format in which the data is actually stored or transmitted is another part of the process. There are a number of file formats, many of which are proprietary, developed to suit the needs of a particular computer platform or software appHcation. There has been some effort to standardize to a few file types, but many others are in use. A thorough discussion of graphics file formats is available (20). 

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