Property, intellectual

Intellectual property, which arises as the result of work done under R D programmes, requires to be protected from exploitation by other companies. Arranging this protection requires the services of people who are professionally qualified in this 

Despite the great promises of open, collaborative research during lead generation, several hurdles exist to realizing its full potential. These are mainly centered on intellectual property (IP), costs, and management [10-12], as described sections that follow. 

Lead generation is a key component of successful drug discovery. It is also the phase where the risks associated with drug discovery research are highest A number of collaborative approaches to lead generation have emerged in recent years. These are summarized in Table 11.1 and are reviewed in the following sections. 

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INPADOC (International Patent Documentation Center) is the most comprehensive tttbliographic database of scientific and technological patent documents in the world. The stock encompasses more than 26 miUion patent documents, more than 59 miUion legal status data, and about 10 million patent famihes (January, 2003). The database contains more than 35 milhon patent citations from 71 patent-issuing organizations (European Patent Office, World Intellectual Property Organization (WlPO)) and is updated weekly with about 40 000 new citations. 

PATOSWO Wda Vedag Wi1h1m Lampl GmH STN citations to patents pubfished by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WPIO)... 

Colloquim on the Patent Cooperation Treaty, World Intellectual Property Organization, 1993. 

Wodd Intellectual Property Organization, Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and Regulations Under the PCT (As in Forcefrom July 1, 1992), WIPO, 1992. 

Countries designated as members of the European Patent Organization (EPO), the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI), or PCT may be found as designated states in the records of EP, OA, and WO documents, whether or not those countries are indexed separately in a database. 

M. A. Epstein, Modem Intellectual Property, 3rd ed.. Aspen Law and Business, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1995. 

Technology managers should include the following elements in the plan itself the critical business issues the nature of markets and customers the thmsts of traditional and potential competitors the human resource issues, ie, the skills and abiUties needed to carry out the plan alternatives and contingencies to support the plan a patent and intellectual property strategy and the supporting faciUties and resource plan. The most frequentiy overlooked elements are human resource issues and patent strategies (50). 

Both prototypal questions related illustrate the need for a successhil technical service professional to have a strong understanding of the customer s apphcations and processes, within proper intellectual property considerations. This need for a thorough understanding is not always straightforward. A common example of the complications that can arise is provided from the paint (qv) industry (11). If, for instance, a calcium carbonate suppHer would like a paint manufacturer to use their material versus a competitive one, the onus is on the suppHer to show that the material can be successfully used in the paint formula of interest. However, many such formulas are held as proprietary. The technical service professional therefore does not know the components of the paint. This would lead to an unworkable situation from an evaluation standpoint save for the fact that the paint company may supply a miHbase or other intermediate form of the paint to allow a proper comparison of carbonates to be carried out. Thus mutual benefits can result and no loss of proprietary information occur. 

International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization, Mepor Provisions of Trademark Tegislation in Selected Countries, Geneva, 1977. 

Cooperative Research and Development Agreement. A CRADA is designed to involve industrial and government labs in cooperative research programs. A CRADA typically has provisions for sharing technical resources, protecting confidentiality, and treatment of intellectual property. The subject CRADA was sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE). 

Intellectual Property Aspects Regarding Ionic Liquids... 

The future price of ionic liquids will also reflect intellectual property considerations. While the currently most frequently requested ionic liquids, the tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids, are all patent-free, many recently developed, new ionic liquid systems are protected by state of matter patents. Table 2.2-2 gives an overview of some examples published after 1999. 

Scientific and Engineering Philosophies 367. The Art" of Engineering Design 369. Design in the Petroleum Industry 379. Engineering Ethics 380. Intellectual Property. 

In 1790 the formal U.S. Patent system was founded. Since that time the U.S. Patent Office has undergone numerous changes that have generally improved legal protection for intellectual property owned by individual citizens. 

PCT application data from the World Intellectual Property Office... 

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