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Organic liquid

These will mainly be petroleum products, many of which can be aspirated directly, or following viscosity adjustment with suitable organic solvents, which should be chosen according to certain criteria, i.e. the solvent should (i) Dissolve or mix with the sample (ii) Burn well, but in a controlled manner (iii) Be available in a pure state, and not contain species having molecular absorption bands in the ultra-violet (iv) Be innocuous and produce no harmful by-products upon combustion (v) Be inexpensive. [Pg.39]

Some examples of often-used solvents are p-xylene, n-heptane, cyclohexane, 10% isopropanol—white spirit mixture, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone. [Pg.39]

Standardisation should be via organometallic standards, which are now available for a range of metals from B.D.H. and Hopkin Williams, as well as from specialised oil-standard organisations such as Conostan. [Pg.39]

Typically, these will be alloys, rocks, fertilisers, ceramics, etc. These materials are taken into solution using suitable aqueous/acid media, according to solubility hot water, dilute acid, acid mixtures, concentrated acids, prolonged acid digestion using hydrofluoric acid if necessary, alkali fusion (e.g. using lithium metaborate), Teflon bomb dissolution. Fusion and bomb methods are usually reserved for complex siliceous materials, traditionally reluctant to yield to solubilisation. [Pg.39]


Drying refers to the removal of water from a substance through a whole range of processes, including distillation, evaporation, and even physical separations such as with centrifuges. Here, consideration is restricted to the removal of moisture from solids and liquids into a gas stream (usually air) by heat, namely, thermal drying. Some of the types of equipment for removal of water also can be used for removal of organic liquids from solids. [Pg.89]

Steam is by far the most widely used medium, useful up to about 475 K. Up to about 700 K organic liquids such as the dowtherms and mineral oil may be used. Mercury and molten salts, such as the eutectic mixture of sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate may be used up to 875 K, while above this temperature air and flue gases must be used. [Pg.201]

Table 5.4 gives the specific energies of selected organic liquid compounds. Compared with the isooctane chosen as the base reference, the variations from one compound to another are relatively small, on the order of 1 to 5%, with the exception of some particular chemical structures such as those of the short chain nitroparaffins (nitromethane, nitroethane, nitropropane) that are found to be energetic . That is why nitromethane, for example, is recommended for very small motors such as model airplanes it was also used in the past for competitive auto racing, for example in the Formula 1 at Le Mans before being forbidden for safety reasons. [Pg.186]

This effect assumes importance only at very small radii, but it has some applications in the treatment of nucleation theory where the excess surface energy of small clusters is involved (see Section IX-2). An intrinsic difficulty with equations such as 111-20 is that the treatment, if not modelistic and hence partly empirical, assumes a continuous medium, yet the effect does not become important until curvature comparable to molecular dimensions is reached. Fisher and Israelachvili [24] measured the force due to the Laplace pressure for a pendular ring of liquid between crossed mica cylinders and concluded that for several organic liquids the effective surface tension remained unchanged... [Pg.54]

Grolier J-P E 1994 Heat capacity of organic liquids Solution Calorimetry, Experimental Thermodynamics vol IV, ed K N Marsh and PAG O Hare (Oxford Blackwell)... [Pg.1919]

A method of estimating small amounts of water in organic liquids (and also in some inorganic salts) is that of Karl Fischer. The substance is titrated with a mixture of iodine, sulphur dioxide and pyridine dissolved in methyl alcohol. The essential reaction is ... [Pg.276]

Figure 7.13 reprinted with permission from Jorgensen W L, R C Binning Jr and B Bigot. Structures md Properties of Organic Liquids u-Butane and 1,2-Dichloroethane and Their Conformational Equilibria. The Journal of the American Chemical Society 103 4393-4399. 1981 American Chemical Society. [Pg.19]

C Binning Jr and B Bigot 1931. Structures and Properties of Organic Liquids n-Butane and 1,2-... [Pg.404]

The oxime is freely soluble in water and in most organic liquids. Recrystallise the crude dry product from a minimum of 60-80 petrol or (less suitably) cyclohexane for this purpose first determine approximately, by means of a small-scale test-tube experiment, the minimum proportion of the hot solvent required to dissolve the oxime from about 0-5 g. of the crude material. Then place the bulk of the crude product in a small (100 ml.) round-bottomed or conical flask fitted with a reflux water-condenser, add the required amount of the solvent and boil the mixture on a water-bath. Then turn out the gas, and quickly filter the hot mixture through a fluted filter-paper into a conical flask the sodium chloride remains on the filter, whilst the filtrate on cooling in ice-water deposits the acetoxime as colourless crystals. These, when filtered anddried (either by pressing between drying-paper or by placing in an atmospheric desiccator) have m.p. 60 . Acetoxime sublimes rather readily when exposed to the air, and rapidly when warmed or when placed in a vacuum. Hence the necessity for an atmospheric desiccator for drying purposes. [Pg.94]

For an actual determination, first place in J some stable liquid the boiling-point of which is at least 50 above that of the organic liquid the pour density of which is to be measured. This difference in boiling-point is important, because it is essential that the organic liquid, when nbsequently dropped into the bottom of T, should volatilise rapidly nd so push out an equivalent volume of air before the organic vapour can diffuse up the tube T and possibly condense in the cooler ttppcr portion of the tube. Suitable liquids for use in the jacket are ter, chlorobenzene (132°), rym-tetrachloro-ethane (147 ), P ... [Pg.425]

It forms excellent freezing mixtures with many organic liquids, e.g., with alcohol, — 72° with ether, — 77° and with chloroform, — 77°. [Pg.39]

Rubber stoppers are frequently employed in the laboratory in vacuum distiUation assemblies (compare Section 11,19) for distillations under atmospheric pressure bark corks are generally used. Many organic liquids and vapours dissolve new rubber stoppers slightly and cause them to swell. In practice, it is found that rubber stoppers which have been previously used on one or two occasions are not appreciably attacked by most organic solvents, owing presumably... [Pg.56]

Sodium and potassium hydroxides. The use of these efficient reagents is generally confined to the drying of amines (soda lime, barium oxide and quicklime may also be employed) potassium hydroxide is somewhat superior to the sodium compound. Much of the water may be first removed by shaking with a concentrated solution of the alkali hydroxide. They react with many organic compounds (e.g., acids, phenols, esters and amides) in the presence of water, and are also soluble in certain organic liquids so that their use as desiccants is very limited... [Pg.142]

May form explosive mixtures when contacting organic material. Explosive C2H2 formed. Slow in drying action. H2 formed. Used as column drying of organic liquids. - Strong reductant. [Pg.1082]

For thermometers containing organic liquids, it is sufficient to use the approximate value, K = 0.001. In such thermometers the value of K is practically independent of the kind of glass. [Pg.1227]

Table 1. Solubility of Acetylene in Some Organic Liquids... Table 1. Solubility of Acetylene in Some Organic Liquids...
TABLE 2 6 Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids... [Pg.94]

TABLE 2-30 Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids Continued)... [Pg.140]


See other pages where Organic liquid is mentioned: [Pg.18]    [Pg.423]    [Pg.99]    [Pg.51]    [Pg.86]    [Pg.107]    [Pg.364]    [Pg.552]    [Pg.1178]    [Pg.1912]    [Pg.396]    [Pg.622]    [Pg.422]    [Pg.426]    [Pg.426]    [Pg.427]    [Pg.183]    [Pg.482]    [Pg.610]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.22]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.459]    [Pg.45]    [Pg.46]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.49]    [Pg.138]   
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Agents for Organic Liquids

Ammonia, liquid, isotope exchange reactions of organic compounds

Bulk organic hybrid liquid membrane

Cation transport through organic liquid

Chilled organic liquids

Corrosive liquid, acidic, organic

Corrosive liquid, basic, organic

Coupon testing organic liquids

Dehydration of organic liquids

Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids

Density of organic liquids

Directing Self-Organized Columnar Nanostructures of Discotic Liquid Crystals for Device Applications

Electrochemical Reaction of Organic Compounds in Ionic Liquids

Electrochemical tests organic liquids

Electron emission from nonpolar organic liquids

Exchange reactions, hydrogen isotope, of organic compounds in liquid ammonia

Exercises organic liquids

Expanded liquid organic solution

Expanded liquid organic solution depressurization

Extraction of Organic Compounds from Ionic Liquids using Supercritical Fluids

Fluorinated organic liquid phases

Fuel Cells Using Organic Liquids as Fuels

Gas-liquid biphasic organic synthesis

Glassy Liquid Crystals as Self-Organized Films for Robust Optoelectronic Devices

Halogenated liquid organic wastes

Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids

High performance liquid chromatography organic modifiers

High performance liquid chromatography organic phase mode

Hydrophobic organic liquids

Interfaces, organic liquid

Ion-Based Liquid Crystals From Well-Defined Self-Organized Nanostructures to Applications

Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis Effects on Rate and Selectivity

Ionic liquid phase organic synthesis

Ionic liquid-organic solute interactions

Ionic liquids bulky organic cation

Ionic liquids tagged organic catalysts

Irradiated organic liquid systems, excitation

Liquid Chromatography — Organic Carbon

Liquid Chromatography — Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD)

Liquid Crystalline Blends in Organic Photovoltaics

Liquid Microsystems in Organic Synthesis

Liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection

Liquid crystalline organization

Liquid electrolytes organic electrolyte salts

Liquid organic compounds

Liquid organic salt phases

Liquid organic salts

Liquid organic solvent selection

Liquid organic synthesis

Liquid organic wastes

Liquid phase organic synthesis

Liquid rubbers silicone organic

Liquid-Phase Selective Oxidation of Organic Compounds

Liquid-phase adsorptions organic solutes adsorption

Liquid-phase organic chemistry

Liquid-phase, oxidation, organic

Liquids liquid-phase organic reactions

Mercury polar organic liquids

Molecular organization liquid crystal mechanical model

Molecular organization liquids

Molecular organization nematic liquid crystals

Molecular organization smectic liquid crystals

Molten organic liquids

Monte Carlo simulations organic liquids

Natural convection organic liquids

Nomograph for Thermal Conductivity of Organic Liquids (Fig

Organic Field-Effect Transistors liquid

Organic Liquid-Water Partitioning

Organic extraction liquids

Organic hybrid liquid membrane

Organic hybrid liquid membrane applications

Organic ionic liquids

Organic ionic liquids applications

Organic ionic liquids metathesis

Organic ionic liquids multicomponent reactions

Organic ionic liquids preparation methods

Organic ionic liquids solvent properties

Organic liquid carriers for hydrogen storage

Organic liquid chromatography

Organic liquid crystals, modelling

Organic liquid electrolyte

Organic liquid membrane

Organic liquid membrane, proton-coupled

Organic liquid membrane, proton-coupled transport

Organic liquid peroxides

Organic liquid samples

Organic liquid scintillator

Organic liquid silica interfaces

Organic liquid systems, excitation

Organic liquid-air interfaces

Organic liquid/water distribution coefficients

Organic liquids 2-propanol

Organic liquids acetonitrile

Organic liquids cathodic process

Organic liquids corrosion types

Organic liquids cyclohexane

Organic liquids dimethyl sulfoxide

Organic liquids electrochemical testing

Organic liquids environment

Organic liquids environmental variables

Organic liquids field testing

Organic liquids methanol

Organic liquids surface film

Organic liquids tetrachloromethane

Organic liquids unique aspects

Organic liquids variables

Organic liquids water content

Organic liquids, dielectric measurements

Organic liquids, miscibility numbers

Organic liquids, sensors

Organic liquids, solvated electron

Organic liquids, water

Organic reaction mechanisms specific ionic liquids

Organic semiconductor carrier liquids

Organic synthesis ionic liquids, application

Organic-ionic liquid biphasic catalysis

Organic-ionic liquid biphasic catalysis continuous

Organic-ionic liquid biphasic catalysis multiphase reaction systems

Organized media liquid crystals

Permeability organic liquids

Phase Behaviour of (Ionic Liquid Organic)

Phase Behaviour of Ionic Liquid Systems with Azeotropic Organic Mixtures

Photoemission of electrons from organic liquids

Photooxidation in Solution and Liquid-like Surfaces of Organic Aerosols

Polar organic liquids, clays

Polarity of organic liquids and adsorbents

Potential differences between organic liquids and aqueous solutions

Pyrophoric liquid, organic

Radiation chemistry of organic liquids

Radiation chemistry of organic liquids saturated hydrocarbons

Radiations organic liquids

Reactions liquid-phase organic

Recovery from organic liquids

Residual organic liquid saturation

Reverse-phase liquid chromatography, natural organic

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography organic solvent

Review Organic Reactions in Ionic Liquids

Room temperature ionic liquids organic synthesis

Scintillators organic liquid

Self-heating liquid, organic

Self-organization of liquid crystals

Semivolatile organic compound extraction from liquids

Silica Precipitated from Organic Liquids

Solid-phase extraction semivolatile organics from liquids

Solubilities of organic liquids

Solubility in organic liquids

Stationary phases liquid organic salts

Supported liquid membranes organic solvents

Surface tension in organic liquids

Task-specific Ionic Liquids as New Phases for Supported Organic Synthesis

Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids

The Radiation Chemistry of Organic Liquids

The use of solid supports and supported reagents in liquid phase organic reactions

Toxic liquid, organic

Transport properties organic liquids

Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids

Viscosity of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (Pa-s)

Viscosity of organic liquids

Wetting by Organic Liquids

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