Pyrophoric liquid, organic

This section contains a number of regulations aimed at specifically identified substances (e.g., in Subpart D, fiammable, combustible, and pyrophoric liquids in Subpart E, flammable solids, oxidizers, and organic peroxides) and must be consulted by any shipper subject to EPA s pretransport regulation. 

Pyrophoric Liquid/Solid, Organic/Inorganic. A substance that may ignite in air at or below room temperature in the absence of added heat, shock or friction. ICAO A2... 

Physical hazard A chemical that is classified as posing one of the following hazardous effects explosive flammable (gases, aerosols, liquids, or solids) oxidizer (liquid, solid, or gas) self-reactive pyrophoric (liquid or solid) self-heating organic peroxide corrosive to metal gas under pressure or in contact with water emits flammable gas. 

A chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive. 

Label all chemical containers with hazard details and hazard warnings as flammable, corrosive, organic peroxide, oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive), water reactive, combustible liquid, compressed gas, explosive, acids, and/or incompatible. 

In the presence of TMS-Cl the enediolate dianion and, importantly, the alkoxide ions, are trapped as their neutral silyl ethers (Scheme 5). This leads to much improved yields of the coupled product the acyloin is isolated in the form of its silyl enediol ether (3). Work-up is much easier. It is only necessary to filter the solution, evaporate the solvent, and isolate the product by distillation or chromatography. The TMS-Cl should be purified by distillation from calcium hydride, under a nitrogen or argon atmosphere, before use. A convenient procedure when using an organic solvent is to add the ester and the TMS-Cl together, dropwise, to the alkali metal finely dispersed in the solvent, at a rate sufficient to maintain the reaction. An explosion has been reported where this procedure was not followed. For a reaction conducted in liquid ammonia the TMS-Cl is added at the end of the reaction and after all the ammonia has been allowed to evaporate. Particularly in cases where sodium-potassium alloy has been used, a pyrophoric residue may have formed, so that the filtration must be carried out under an inert atmosphere. 

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