Oral rinse

Glycerol is used in nearly every industry. The largest single use is in dmgs and oral care products including toothpaste, mouthwash, and oral rinses (Table 3). Its use in tobacco processing and urethane foams remains at a fairly even consumption level. Use in foods and cosmetics is growing. 

A clinical trial to evaluate misoprostol as a protector of normal tissue during a course of XRT in cancer patients suggests a reduction in acute normal tissue injury (215). A randomized, prospective, double-blind study indicates that topical misoprostol, administered as an oral rinse 15-20 min before irradiation using conventional 2-Gy (200 rad) fractions, five days a week over 6—7 weeks, significantly protects the oral mucosa from radiomucositis, a frequently observed normal tissue complication during XRT for head and neck cancer (215). 

The dentifrice market ia the United States was valued at about 1.5 billion at the retail level in 1991. The oral rinse market has a value of about 850 million. 

Difflam containing benzydamine (local analgesic) is available as an oral rinse and is indicated for inflammatory conditions of the oropharynx and for palliative relief in post-radiation mucositis. 

As an oral rinsing agent, to date chlorhexidine has not been reported to produce any toxic systemic effects. Since chlorhexidine is poorly absorbed in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, little if any enters the bloodstream. A summary of chlorhexidine oral rinses is given in Table 42.1. 

TABLE 42.1 Comparison of Antiplaque Agents in Oral Rinses... 

An ophthalmic preparation seems to be efficacious for conjunctival inflammation and to reduce pain after traumatic corneal abrasion. Gingival inflammation is reduced after administration of indomethacin oral rinse. Epidural injections produce a degree of pain relief similar to that achieved with methylprednisolone in postlaminectomy syndrome. 

Indomethacin enjoys the usual indications for use in rheumatic conditions and is particularly popular for gout and ankylosing spondylitis. In addition, it has been used to treat patent ductus arteriosus. Indomethacin has been tried in numerous small or uncontrolled trials for many conditions, including Sweet s syndrome, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, pleurisy, nephrotic syndrome, diabetes insipidus, urticarial vasculitis, postepisiotomy pain, and prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification in arthroplasty, and many others. An ophthalmic preparation seems to be efficacious for conjunctival inflammation (alone and in combination with gentamicin) to reduce pain after traumatic corneal abrasion. Gingival inflammation is reduced after administration of indomethacin oral rinse. Epidural injections produce a degree of pain relief similar to that achieved with methylprednisolone in postlaminectomy syndrome. 

Topical 2, 4% cleanser, sponge 0.5% rinse in 70% alcohol Oral rinse (Peridex, Periogard) 0.12%... 

Periogard Oral Rinse Colgate Oral Care -... 

ANTIFUNGAL, ANTIMICROBIAL and ANTIINFLAMMATORY activity, and to be a powerful cytotoxic agent (functioning by DNA intercalation and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation). It is an ENZYME INHIBITOR (alanine aminotransferase and human plasma diamine oxidase). It shows antiplaque activity, and has been used in toothpastes and oral rinses. Causes temporary change in intraocular pressure. Sanomigran pizotifen. 

Benzydamine hydrochloride is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug, available as an oral rinse and a spray containing 0.15% benzydamine hydrochloride. 

Frankos, V.H., D.J. Brusick, E.M. Johnson, et aL 1990. Safety of Sanguinaria extract as used in commercial toothpaste and oral rinse products. /. Can. Dent. Assoc. 56(7, Suppl.) 41-47. 

Caries inhibition resulting from daily administration of chewable tablets or mouth rinses may be due to incorporation of absorbable fluoride into the developing enamel teeth surfaces. The retention of fluoride following oral rinses [311, 315, 336] or tablet chewing [336] has been followed by analysing the fluoride of the oral expectorates. The anti-caries effect of ionic fluoride might then be evaluated in relation to fluoride retention [311]. Perkins found oral retentions of 41, 20 and 7 per cent of the fluoride dose, respectively, administered as... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and fumes HMIS Health 1, Flammability 2, Reactivity 0 Uses Denaturant, tonic in cosmetics pharmaceuticals (cough syrups, expectorants) synthetic flavoring agent in foods, beverages, chewing gum, pharmaceuticals antiseptic in oral rinse prods. dentals fragrance in perfumes... 

Ammonium alum Balsam Peru (Myroxylon pereirae) Sodium percarbonate antiseptic, mild pharmaceuticals Sodium salicylate antiseptic, mild sunscreen lotions Sodium salicylate antiseptic, mucosa Sodium iodate antiseptic, oral care Tea tree (Melaleuca altemifolia) oil antiseptic, oral pharmaceuticals Terpene resin antiseptic, oral rinses Eucalyptol Salicylic acid antiseptic, pharmaceutical ointments Tea tree (Melaleuca altemifolia) oil antiseptic, pharmaceutical topicals Didecyidimonium chloride antiseptic, pharmaceuticals Benzoic acid Bismuth subgallate Cetalkonium chloride Cetylpyridinium chloride Ethyl ether Eugenol Gum benzoin Peracetic acid Thymol 3,4,4 -Trichlorocarbanilide Urea... 

TVaditional use In folk medicine, the fruits are used as a heart tonic, to treat neurasthenia, as an antipyretic, to relieve thirst and as an antidiarrheal remedy. The root decoction is used to treat rheumatism, fever, eye diseases, and as oral rinse for wounds of the mouth (Khalmatov 1964). The residue from a dehydrated water extract of the root is eaten, mixed with hot water and drunk, or applied to a cloth and applied externally, to treat jaundice, stomach aches, back pain and arthralgia... 

Traditional use An infusion and decoction of the leaves are used as an oral rinse, to treat sore throat and hoarseness and are applied externally as a lotion for erysipelatous inflammations and taken internally to treat headache. A decoction of the flowering herbs is also used to treat hydrophobia, for bathing children with a fear of water and for treating people who have seizures (Khalmatov 1964). 

Traditional use Decoction of the flowering herb is used for gastric diseases, malaria, toothaches, bleeding gums, and as an oral rinse, as well as is applied externally to treat abscesses and tumors. Syrup, made by boiling gentian and barberry roots for a long time, is recommended for side pains, rheumatic pain and chest pains (Khalmatov 1964). 

The bactericidal properties of chitosan prevent bad breath. Low molecular weight chitosan has also been shown to inhibit the oral adsorption of streptococci and have been proposed as a potential anticavity agent [205], This makes chitosan a good additive in oral hygienic products such as tooth pastes, oral rinsing solutions and chewing gums. 

Landa, AS van der Mei, HC Busscher, HJ. Detachment of linking film bacteria from enamel surface by oral rinses and penetration of sodium lauryl sulphate through an artificial oral biofihn. Advances in Dental Research, 1997, 11, 528-538. 

Ventilation-associated pneumonia continues to be a common and costly complication of critical care [13 ]. It develops after aspiration of bacteria from the oropharynx into the lung and subsequent failure of host defences to clear the bacteria. Dental plaque biofilms are colonized by respiratory pathogens in ventilated patients. Thus, improvements in oral hygiene in these patients may prevent pneumonia. In a randomized study of the minimum frequency of apphcation of chlorhexidine gluconate necessary to reduce oral colonization by pathogens in 175 intubated patients, decontamination of the oral cavity did not reduce the total amount of potential respiratory pathogens. However the chlorhexidine oral rinse did reduce the number of Staphylococcus aureus organisms in the dental... 

Galvin M, Gonzalez S, Cohen CL, Alonaizan F, Chen CTL, Rich SK, et al. Periodontal effects of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite twice-weekly oral rinse. A pilot study. J Periodontal Res 2013. http / /ontinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.llll/jre.12151 /abslrad. 

Claims for oral dental rinses are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration whether they are marketed as drugs or cosmetics. The Coimcil on Dental Therapeutics of the American Dental Association reviews oral rinses, and may authorize use of the Seal of Acceptance for a product. 

The majority of double-blind, placebo-controlled, and other controlled and open label trials of sanguinaria oral rinses with zinc and sanguinaria tooth pastes (alone and in combination) have shown that the preparations are effective at reducing gingival inflanunation and plaque and in decreasing symptoms of periodontitis. ... 

Bonfiglio, R. P. Antibacterial oral rinse formulation comprising bioflavonoid polyphenol for preventing coronary artery disease. U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. US 2007154414, 2007 Chem. Abstr. 2007, 147, 124648. 

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