Rheumatic conditions

As a pharmaceutical, methyl salicylate is used in liniments and ointments for the relief of pain and for rheumatic conditions. As a flavor and fragrance agent, it is used in confectioneries, dentifrices, cosmetics, and perfumes. Other commercial applications for methyl salicylate are as a dye carrier, as a uv-light stabilizer in acrylic resins, and as a chemical intermediate. The May 1996 price was 5.50/kg (18). 

Traut, E. F. and E. W. Passarelli, Placebos in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Conditions , Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 16 (1957) 18-22... 

Thomas, E. et al., Risk of malignancy among patients with rheumatic conditions, Int. J. Cancer, 88, 489, 2000. 

Severe or recurrent pain or high or continued fever may indicate serious illness. If pain persists for more than 5 days, if redness is present or in arthritic and rheumatic conditions affecting children younger than 12 years of age, consult physician immediately. 

Arthritis, other rheumatic conditions (eg, osteoarthritis) - 3.2 to 6 g/day in divided doses. 

N.A. Asparagosides, asparagine, flavonoids." Diuretic, for rheumatic conditions, sedative. 

N.A. Solanum dulcamara L. Steroidal alkaloids, solasodine, soldulcamaridine, steroidal saponins, tannins.99 Treat eczema, itchiness, psoriasis, and warts. It relieves asthma, chronic bronchitis, and rheumatic conditions. 

The photo-allergic effects of the anti-inflammatory agent ketoprofen, used to treat rheumatic conditions, are believed to result from its stimulation of damage... 

Mpofu S, Mpofu CMA, Hutchinson D, Maier AE, Dodd SR, Moots RJ. Steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and sigmoid diverticular abscess perforation in rheumatic conditions. Ann Rheum Dis 2004 63 588-90. 

Hydrocotyle has mild diuretic, antirheumatic, dermatological, peripheral vasodilator, and vulnerary properties. Traditionally, it is used for rheumatic conditions, cutaneous affections, and as a topical application for indolent wounds, leprous ulcers, and cicatrization after surgery. 

Prickly ash is reputed to possess circulatory-stimulant, diaphoretic, antirheumatic, carminative, and sialagogue properties. Traditionally, it is used for cramps, intermittent claudication, Raynaud s syndrome, chronic rheumatic conditions, and specifically for peripheral circulatory insufficiency associated with rheumatic symptoms. The berries are therapeutically more active in circulatory disorders. 

In folk medicine and traditional systems of medicine, various species of valerian have been used as an oral infusion to treat migraine headaches, hysteria, nervous unrest, neurasthenia, fatigue, seizures, stomach cramps that cause vomiting, and other nervous conditions. Valerian also has been used internally as a spasmolytic, a carminative, and a stomachic, and externally on cuts, sores, and acne. Some herbalists recommend it as a possible vermifuge. In Chinese medicine, valerian is used to treat the aforementioned conditions, as well as chronic headache, numbness due to rheumatic conditions, colds, menstrual difficulties, and bruises. Because there has been no extensive research conducted on uses other that the sedative properties of valerian and its constituents, these other uses cannot be scientifically evaluated. 

Indomethacin enjoys the usual indications for use in rheumatic conditions and is particularly popular for gout and ankylosing spondylitis. In addition, it has been used to treat patent ductus arteriosus. Indomethacin has been tried in numerous small or uncontrolled trials for many conditions, including Sweet s syndrome, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, pleurisy, nephrotic syndrome, diabetes insipidus, urticarial vasculitis, postepisiotomy pain, and prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification in arthroplasty, and many others. An ophthalmic preparation seems to be efficacious for conjunctival inflammation (alone and in combination with gentamicin) to reduce pain after traumatic corneal abrasion. Gingival inflammation is reduced after administration of indomethacin oral rinse. Epidural injections produce a degree of pain relief similar to that achieved with methylprednisolone in postlaminectomy syndrome. 

Oleum Terebinthins (oil of turpentine) Given internally as an anthelmintic, styptic, and stimulant. Used in certain intestinal fluxes (especially in dysentery) and in low fevers (especially typhoid). Used externally as a rubefacient (producing redness) for rheumatic conditions. 

Therapeutic trials in acute pain are often conducted on patients who have undergone abdominal surgery or third molar tooth extraction, and in chronic pain on chronic rheumatic conditions. Only the patients can say what they feel and pain is best measured by a questionnaire or by a visual analogue scale this is a line, 10 cm long, one end of which represents pain as bad as it could possibly be (which patients identify as agorrising ) and the other end no pain patients mark the line at the point they feel represents their pain between these two extremes. Such techniques are highly reproducible. 

Etodolac, a pyranocarboxylic acid, was first marketed in the UK in 1986. By 1988, etodolac had been reported 27 times to the UK Committee on Safety of Medicines as being suspected of causing serious adverse reactions (1). In a French postmarketing safety study in 51 355 patients taking 200-600 mg/day, 10% of patients reported a total of 6236 adverse reactions and 9% dropped out because of adverse reactions, 21 of which were judged severe (2). In another four postmarketing surveillance studies in 8334 patients with rheumatic conditions who took 200-600 mg/day of etodolac for periods ranging from 4 weeks to 1 year, 23% reported adverse events and 9%... 

There was at one time impressive but limited case evidence that systemic reactions to iron dextran might be more frequent in patients with rheumatic or other inflammatory diseases no further evidence has been published. There might be confusion with the ability of intravenous iron to induce a flare-up of an existing rheumatic condition (see the section on Oral iron under Musculoskeletal). 

Tire dose for simple analgesic effect may vary from. 300 mg to I g administered. 3 limes daily but for rheumatic conditions, the dose may be increa.sed to 2 to 4 g 3 limes a day. Gastric intolerance may limit the dosage, however. The u.sual perirxl of the higher dosage. should not exceed 3 to 6 days. It is available in several combination products (e.g.. Saleto. BC Powder). 

Conditions for which non-prescription treatments are available include sprains, strains, sports injuries and mild rheumatic conditions. Low-back pain is often the result of these and a frequent reason for requests for advice at pharmacies for pain treatment. 

Populi nipiraegemmae and Populi tremulae pemmae are the buds of these two Populus species. They are used as expectorants and circulatory stimulants for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections and rheumatic conditions. 

Friis S, Mellemkjaer L, McLaughlin JK, Breiting V, Kjaer SK, Blot W, Olson JH (1997) Connective tissue disease and other rheumatic conditions following breast implants in Denmark. Ann Plast Surg, 39 1-8. 

Aspirin today must be considered the prototype mild analgetic and antiinflammatory agent. NSAIDs are still evaluated by comparison to it. Physicians still consider it the first agent of choice for the treatment of rheumatic conditions. 

On the assumption that 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (pyrocatechoic acid, V, = R2 = H) is formed in humans after salicylate ingestion and that it may be the antirheumatic agent, clinical studies were carried out with this compound in rheumatic fever in which it appears to be superior to sodium salicylate although of lower toxicity, but ineffective in rheumatoid arthritis i > i. Other workers found the drug to be twice as active as salicylate in rheumatic fever and less toxic in therapeutic doses . Trials with diacetyl-pyrocatechol-3-carboxylic acid (Movirene, V, R = R = COMe) in various rheumatic conditions were also favourable > . 

The ortho-, meta- and para-cresotinic acids were originally claimed by Stockman to possess a powerful specifie aetion in acute rheumatic conditions, though having no advantages over salicylic acid. All three compounds possess anti-inflammatory activity in the mouse . 

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