Bactericidal properties

In addition to their antiknock properties, organic lead compounds possess bactericidal properties and motor fuels with lead are known to inhibit bacterial growth during storage in contact with water. With the disappearance of lead-based compounds, it is necessary to incorporate biocides from the cyclic imine family, (piperidine, pyrrolidine, hexamethyleneimine), alkylpropylene diamines or imidazolines (Figure 9.2). 

Disinfection. The disinfection efficiency of /V-ha1amines is related to the extent of hydrolysis to hypohalous acid. For example, NH2CI (Kf 10 ) is a poor bactericide compared to HOCl (5). By contrast, monochloroisocyanurate 10 ) exhibits good bactericidal properties (6). 

The possible therapeutic applications of these alkaloids as proto-zooicidal agents, coronary dilators and ecbolics, and in nervous diseases, for example in the treatment of post-encephalitic conditions, have been discussed by a number of authors. The alkylharmols, referred to above, form part of an extensive series prepared by Coulthard, Levene and Pyman, and tested by these authors for bactericidal properties and by... 

Certain optical isomers of epoxyphosphonic acids also have antibacterial activity [274,275]. Phosphates and polyphosphates with bactericidal properties are described in Refs. 276 and 277. 

The answer is d. (Hardman, pp 1155-1159.) Only actively growing tubercle bacilli are susceptible to the bactericidal property of INI I. The major action of INI I is on the cell wall of the bacillus, where it prevents the synthesis of mycolic acid. 

Bismuth salts are thought to be effective in peptic ulcer disease because they have bactericidal properties against... 

A major challenge that had to be met arose from the extreme bactericidal properties of phenols and catechols. Most microorganisms are poisoned at phenol or catechol concentrations in the 0.1-1 g/L range. The biocatalyst E. coli JMlOl [pHBP461] is no exception, and was inactivated by 200 mg/L of both 2-phenylphenol and 3-phenylcatechol." ° Furthermore, 3-substituted catechols are of limited stability in aerated aqueous solutions and form multimeric humic-acid-hke stmctures as unwanted side products. 3-Phenylcatechol, for instance, has a half-life time of only 14 h at pH 7.2. 

The chemistry shown in Scheme 13 has been applied to the synthesis of 5-substituted resorcinols, interesting naturally occurring compounds, which possess a wide variety of biological activity including fungicidal and bactericidal properties . Starting from... 

Severely ill patients should be treated with parenteral dmgs. In these patients, broad-spectmm therapy is necessary, directed against bowel flora including E. coli, streptococci and gonococci. Aminoglycosides can be added in the first 3 days to broaden the spectrum and for their rapidly bactericidal properties. 

Abstract A colloidal solution of titanium dioxide (TiO ) nanoparticles was prepared by the solvothermal method and dip-coated onto a polypropylene fabric with TMOS binder. The prepared TiO particles, colloidal solution and the coated fabrics were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM. The results showed that the TiO particles prepared by the solvothermal method were composed of anatase which uniformly coated the snbstrate. Photocatalysis induced bactericidal properties of coated fabrics were tested by measuring the viability of Escherichia coli. It was fonnd that solvothermally prepared TiO coatings have the ability to kill E. coli. This nniqne property of TiO makes it an ideal candidate in producing self-sterilizing protective masks and in providing bactericidal and self-cleaning properties to a variety of snrfaces. 

In this paper, solvothermaUy prepared TiO nanoparticle suspensions were successfully dip-coated onto fabric fdters and their bactericidal properties against E.coli were analyzed and compared with that of Degussa P25 TiO coated fabrics. 

Photocatalytic bactericidal activity experiments were performed using E. coli with untreated and TiO -coated fabric and aluminum foil (Fig. 1.6) and with or without UV-A irradiation. Photocatalytic bactericidal properties of TiO -coated fabric and foil were observed after 30 min. The most distinctive difference between coated and UV-irradiated materials was observed initially. This is a clear demonstration of the photocatalytic ability of TiO and accelerated surface decontamination. We observed complete bacteria killing only on aluminum foil coated with TiO, and partial killing on the coated fabric. These results suggest that TiO coated materials have bactericidal properties. 

The final class of water-soluble synthetic detergents derived from petroleum are the cationics. These products, when ionized, have the hydrophobic portion of the molecule in the cation. They are of interest principally because of the bactericidal properties they exhibit. Their performance as detergents is poor. The principal products marketed to date have been derived from normal long-chain amines, but procedures for their preparation from petroleum hydrocarbons (1) have been described as follows ... 

The pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries use ZnO in powders and ointments because of its bactericidal properties. It is also used to form dental cements by its reaction with eugenol. 

Elecampane is stated to possess expectorant, antitussive, diaphoretic, and bactericidal properties. Traditionally, it is used in the treatment of bronchial and tracheal catarrh, cough associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, and dry irritating cough in children. Alantolactone is used as an anthelmintic in the treatment of roundworm, threadworm, and whipworm infection. 

Hops have sedative, hypnotic, and topical bactericidal properties. Traditionally, they have been used for neuralgia, insomnia, excitability, priapism, mucous colitis, topically for crural ulcers, and particularly for restlessness associated with nervous tension headache or indigestion. 

Pulsatilla possesses sedative, analgesic, antispasmodic, and bactericidal properties. Traditionally, it is used for dysmenorrhea, orchitis, ovaralgia, epididymitis, tension headache, hyperactive states, insomnia, boils, skin eruptions associated with bacterial infection, asthma and pulmonary disease, earache, and specifically for painful conditions of the male and female reproductive systems. Pulsatilla is widely used in homoeopathic preparations as well as in herbal medicine. 

Soaps and detergents have bactericidal properties. These non-native surfactants can work their way into the bacterium s cell membrane and disrupt the integrity of the cell membrane, causing the bacterium to die. Of course, fatty acids are also high-energy food sources, so soaps and detergents lose this bactericidal property at low concentrations. 

In a similar way, a well-adhered surface modification of BC fibers can be achieved with Ti(>2 nanoparticles (with a diameter of about 10 nm) by the hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropanolate adsorbed onto the fibers. It was observed that the titania-coated surface appears to be dense and have low porosity and to consist of near-spherical grains. By washing with sodium carbonate solution, the TiC>2 films were not removed during neutralization. It seems that the particles have formed strong interactions with BC. The coated membranes showed substantial bactericidal properties under UV radiation and white light (containing a small fraction of UV) conditions, too. This effect is caused by the photocatalytic destruction of the bacterial cells. 

Lin J, Qiu SY, Lewis K et al. (2002) Bactericidal properties of flat surfaces and nanoparticles derivatized with alkylated polyethylenimines. Biotechnol Prog 18 1082-1086... 

The development of the synthetic dye industry led to the emergence of classical organic chemistry. Its application in industry was rapid. From the end of the nineteenth century the intermediates employed in the manufacture of synthetic dyes were used to make pharmaceutical products such as aspirin. Some synthetic dyes exhibited bactericidal properties they were called medicinal dyes. Sulfonamides, drugs introduced in the 1930s, are based on research into dyestuffs and their intermediates. Less fast dyes have... 

Many quaternary ammonium compounds are known to possess bactericidal properties, a factor taken into account in the marketing of quaternary ammonium fabric softeners. However, in the spirit of the European REACH initiative (See Chapter 5), many of the ionic liquids in common use are being scrutinized for toxicity potential. For instance, in the aquatic world there are indications that exposure to as little as 10 mg/liter causes skin and gill hyperplasia in zebrafish, leading to respiratory... 

---