Dental rinses

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Dentifrices and dental rinses have many common purposes and ingredients, thus dental rinses are discussed briefly herein. 

Mechanical removal of plaque is the most effective measure against plaque-caused diseases, dental caries, and periodontal diseases. Even before the advent of fluoride treatments, it was assumed that a clean tooth does not decay. A toothbmsh is effective in removing dental plaque and, for those individuals who optimize its use, it usually can adequately control plaque. Despite the proven efficacy of mechanical plaque removal, the amount of patient involvement is such that only about 30% of the population in developed countries and considerably less in undeveloped countries can be expected to adequately remove plaque (1). Hence, supplementary measures such as dentifrices and dental rinses are necessary. 

Stannous fluoride is used in toothpastes and dental rinses to protect tooth enamel from attack by bacteria—cavities (also known as dental caries). It was the first fluoride used for that purpose, in the toothpaste Crest. 

A1 is a component of many consumer products, including antacids (that are also used as phosphate binders), buffered aspirin products and antiperspirants. Many deodorant stones are alum. A1 is found in some acne cleaning preparations and in dentifrices as an abrasive in dental rinses and toothpastes to reduce dentinal hypersensitivity products for dermatitis as an astringent first aid antibiotics and antiseptics, diaper rash and prickly heat, insect sting and bite, sunscreen and suntan and dry skin products antidiarrheal products and vaginal douches (Knodel et al. 1996). It has uses as a keratolytic in anorectal preparations and as an astringent and antibacterial to treat athlete s foot (tinea pedis) (Allen etal. 2000). 

The primary use of stannous fluoride is in toothpastes, dental rinses, and fluoride treatments for teeth. Fluorides prevent tooth decay in two ways. First, fluorides kill bacteria that cause tooth decay. Second, fluorides react with other chemicals in the mouth to make new enamel to replace enamel destroyed by bacteria or worn away by mechanical processes. Studies suggest that stannous fluoride also has other beneficial effects, including preventing gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) and bad breath. 

A. Chiorhexidine Is commonly found in dental rinses, mouthwashes, and a variety of cosmetics. Exposure to a concentration less than 0.14% is not likely to cause more than minor irritation, but higher concentrations have caused corrosive injury. 

Chlorhexidine is used as an antibacterial in hospital cleansers for both skin and mucosa. It is also used as a dental rinse. It is a rare photoallergen. 

Dental rinses, as discussed here, do not include gargles and other Uquids that are indicated for inflammation and diseases of the throat and are unrelated to dental plaque. 

The amount of a product introduced into the oral cavity is substantially greater with a dental rinse than with a dentifrice, the action of swishing the rinse assures thorough distribution of the agent to accessible oral surfaces. 

An oral dental rinse generally consists of water, alcohol, a humectant, an emulsifier, flavor, color, and an active agent. Water is the primary vehicle. The alcohol provides bite and is also a formulation aid. The humectant improves the feel in the mouth and also prevents locking of the cap to the container between uses glycerin or noncrystallizing sorbitol may be satisfactory. The emulsifier is a nonionic type, for example, a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer or a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester. Flavors are generally a type of mint or cinnamon. Colors are FD C or D C. 

A dental rinse containing sodium lauryl sulfate, marketed to be used before tooth-brushing, removes some plaque directly and makes residual plaque easier to remove by brushing. 

Claims for oral dental rinses are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration whether they are marketed as drugs or cosmetics. The Coimcil on Dental Therapeutics of the American Dental Association reviews oral rinses, and may authorize use of the Seal of Acceptance for a product. 

Secondary oral care products are still not used regularly worldwide, but have growth potential. Forecast value for dental rinses for the period 2009-2014 is about 531 million (18). 

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