Bleeding gums

If the platelet count falls below 100,000/mm3 or if the patient experien ces signs and symptoms of thrombocytopen ia (eg, easy bruising, bleeding gums epistaxis melena), the nurse notifiesthephysician immediately. 

The nurse should immediately report evidence of bleeding in any patient receiving heparin bleeding gums epistaxis (nosebleed), easy bruising, black tarry stools, hematuria (blood in the urine), oozing from wounds or IV sites or decrease in blood pressure. 

The nurse reportsany of the following to the health care provider immediately bleeding gums easy bruising, petechiae (pinpoint hemorrhage, increased menstrual bleeding, tarry stools bloody urine, or coffee-ground emesis... 

Scurvy Deficient hydroxylation secondary to ascorbate deficiency Petechiae, ecchymoses Loose teeth, bleeding gums Poor woimd healing Poor bone development... 

Vitamin C is essential for the formation of collagen, the principal structural protein in skin, bone, tendons, and ligaments, being a cofactor in the hydroxylation of the amino acids proline to 4-hydroxyproline, and of lysine to 5-hydroxylysine. These hydroxyamino acids account for up to 25% of the collagen structure. Vitamin C is also associated with some other hydroxylation reactions, e.g. the hydroxylation of tyrosine to dopa (dihydroxyphenylalanine) in the pathway to catecholamines (see Box 15.3). Deficiency leads to scurvy, a condition characterized by muscular pain, skin lesions, fragile blood vessels, bleeding gums, and tooth loss. Vitamin C also has valuable antioxidant properties (see Box 9.2), and these are exploited commercially in the food industries. 

The deficiency state scurvy is characterized by degenerative changes in the capillaries, bone, and connective tissues. Mild vitamin C deficiency symptoms may include faulty bone and tooth development, gingivitis, bleeding gums, and loosened teeth. 

The answer is B. The patient shows many signs of vitamin G deficiency or scurvy, which is seen most frequently in infants, the elderly, and in alcoholic patients. Particularly indicative of vitamin C deficiency are the multiple small hemorrhages that occur under the skin (petechiae) and nails and surrounding hair follicles. Bleeding gums are a classic indicator of scurvy. 

Reporf any signs of bleeding gums, under skin, urine, stools... 

Deficiency symptoms In vitamin C deficiency scurvy develops. It is characterized by ecchymosis, petechiae, swollen and bleeding gums, subperiosteal haemorrhage, bones are painful to touch, impaired wound healing, anaemia, loosening of teeth and gingivitis. 

Tannins are amorphous substances, which produce colloidal acidic aqueous solutions with astringent taste. With iron salts (FeCls) they form dark blue or greenish black water-soluble compounds. Tannins form insoluble and indigestible compounds with proteins, and this is the basis of their extensive use in the leather industry (tanning process), and for the treatment of diarrhoea, bleeding gums and skin injuries. 

Calendula officinalis L. Jin Tsan Jiu (Marigold) (whole plant) Arnidiol, carotenes, calenduline, cerylalcohol, flavoxanthin, lycopene, oleanolic acid, inulin, rebixanthin, violaxanthin. tocopherol, salicylic acid.50 Treat bleeding gums, bleeding piles, for amenorrhea, bruises, cholera, cramps, eruption, fevers, flu. 

N.A. Triterpenoid saponins." Treat canker sores, toothache, bleeding gums and nosebleeds. Invigorate blood flow, stimulate menstruation, ease menstrual pain. 

Secondary symptoms Restlessness, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, chronic bleeding gums without pain, loss of teeth, spermatorrhea, turbid, scanty and dark urine, difficult and painful urination. 

Yin deficiency with excess fire and empty-fire may cause night sweats, bone steaming, low-grade fever, restlessness, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, bleeding gums and spermatorrhea. 

Bleeding gums and loose teeth add Shu Di Huang (Rehmanniae radix praeparata], Zhi Mu [Anemarrhenae rhizoma] and Huai Niu Xi... 

Bleeding caused by trauma or injury, nose bleeds, gum bleeding, retinal bleeding, coughing out or vomiting blood, blood in the urine or stool, heavy menstruation and purpura. The amount of blood loss can be large or small the color can be red, dark-red, purple-red or pinkish the quality can be thin or thick. 

In chronic benzene intoxication, mild poisoning produces headache, dizziness, nausea, stomach pain, anorexia, and hypothermia. In severe cases, pale skin, weakness, blurred vision, and dyspnea occur on exertion. Hemorrhagic tendencies include petechia, easy bruising, and bleeding gums. Bone marrow depression produces a decrease in circulating peripheral erythrocytes and leucocytes (101). Fatalities from chronic exposure show at autopsy severe bone marrow aplasia, and necrosis or fatty degeneration of the heart, fiver, and adrenals (125). 

Symptoms of deficiency include loose teeth and bleeding gums, bruises, loss of appetite, dry skin, poor healing. In extreme cases, scurvy and internal hemorrhages. 

The well-known deficiency syndrome is scurvy. The initial changes are follicular keratosis on the upper arms, back, buttocks, and lower extremities, which are related to a defective collagen synthesis.28 This is followed by a purpuric follicular rash, swollen, bleeding gums, stomatitis, and epistaxis. Hematomas, especially painful subperiostal, may develop.29... 

---