Percarbonate, sodium

There are international transport regulations controlling the transport of sodium percarbonate, which assigned it to Class 5.1, oxidizing substances, however, no such compound has ever been commercialized, and sodium carbonate peroxohydrate is treated as nonhazardous. The origin of this item is not known. 

R can be a variety of stmctures. Z is a leaving group and typically the conjugate base of a weak acid whose piC can range from 5 to 20 (86). The hydrogen peroxide is typically incorporated into the bath by a dding a soHd source of peroxide such as sodium percarbonate or the mono- or tetrahydrate of sodium perborate (86). 

SODIUM PENTACHLOROPHENATE SODIUM PERCARBONATE SODIUM PERCARBONATE... 

Oxygen bleaches such as sodium carbonate peroxide (also called sodium percarbonate), sodium peroxide, or sodium perborate are made by reacting molecules with hydrogen peroxide. When the result is added to water, the hydrogen peroxide is released. 

Azolides used as activators for sodium percarbonate/perborate in laundry bleaching,1261-1291 for decreasing the affinity of polyamide textile materials for acid dyes,1301 and as antiflammatory agents 1311... 

Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxidate ( Sodium percarbonate )... 

The dominant bleaches in Europe and many other regions of the world are of the peroxide variety. The usual sources of hydrogen peroxide are inorganic peroxides and peroxohydrates. The most frequently encountered source is sodium perborate tetrahydrate. Sodium perborate monohydrate and sodium percarbonate have been increasingly used at the expense of sodium perborate tetrahydrate. 

Sodium perborate trihydrate in detergent formulations, 8 419 Sodium perbromate, 4 335 Sodium percarbonate, 28 413 Sodium perchlorate, 6 133... 

The influence of substituents on the rates of degradation of arylazo reactive dyes based on H acid, caused by the action of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution and on cellulose, has been investigated [43]. The results suggested that the oxidative mechanism involves attack of the dissociated form of the o-hydroxyazo grouping by the perhydroxyl radical ion [ OOH]. The mechanism of oxidation of sulphonated amino- and hydroxyarylazo dyes in sodium percarbonate solution at pH 10.6 and various temperatures has also been examined. The initial rate and apparent activation energy of these reactions were determined. The ketohydrazone form of such dyes is more susceptible to attack than the hydroxyazo tautomer [44]. 

Sodium perborate monohydrate Sodium perborate tetrahydrate Sodium percarbonate Sodium perchlorate Sodium perchlorate monohydrate Sodium permanganate Sodium peroxide Sodium persulfate Strontium chlorate Strontium perchlorate Strontium peroxide Tetranitromethane Thallium chlorate Trichloro-s-triazinetrione (trichloroisocyanuric) (acid all forms)... 

Separate peroxygen bleaches, hydrogen peroxide, or its sources like sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate from water to prevent premature reaction, such as by suspending the solids between surfactant lamellae in the structured liquid. 

Mixing sodium percarbonate with acetic anhydride led to explosive shattering of the flask [1], undoubtedly caused by the formation of acetyl peroxide. The name sodium percarbonate has been used indiscriminately to describe 3 different compounds, all of which would react with acetic anhydride to give extremely explosive acetyl peroxide [2], These are sodium monoperoxycarbonate, NaOCO.OONa, [4452-58-8] sodium peroxydicarbonate, NaOCO.OOCO.ONa, [3313-92-6] and sodium carbonate sesqui hydrogen peroxidate, Na0C0.0Na.l,5H202, [15630-89-4],... 

The oxidation of alcohols by sodium percarbonate is also promoted by the addition of molybdenyl acetoacetate [5] and yields are comparable with those obtained by the chromate mediated reactions. 

Molybdenum-catalysed oxidation of alcohols by sodium percarbonate (Table 10.20)... 

The oxidation procedure is amenable to a number of modifications. The solvent used may be varied carbon tetrachloride, hexane, toluene and dichloro-methane have all been used successfully, although the latter two are the solvents of choice. The most common oxidant is aqueous hydrogen peroxide, but other oxidants such as t-butyl hydroperoxide [4], sodium perborate (Table 1, Entries 18 and 22) and sodium percarbonate [4] have also been employed. It is interesting to note the effect of a change of oxidant. Using alkaline hydrogen peroxide... 

The synthesis of 1,3,5,7-tetranitroadamantane (104) from 1,3,5,7-tetraaminoadamantane (103) has been improved upon by the use of dimethyldioxirane (91 %), and also, by using a mixture of sodium percarbonate and A,A,iV, iV -tetraacetylethylenediamine in a biphasic solvent system, followed by treating the crude product with ozone (91 %) the latter involving the in situ generation of peroxyacetic acid. 

H202-urea adduct (Mr 94,07) is used as a stable substance instead of H2O2 solution. The respective amounts of sodium percarbonate or sodium perborate are also suitable. 

Laundry powders in Europe use sodium percarbonate and a bleach activator, tetraacetylethylenediamine ( ED), to form peracetic acid in the washing machine that then reacts with bleachable stains such as tea, red wine, coffee, and curry to remove /bleach them from cloth. Transition metal ions, in particular copper, cause first decomposition of peracetic add before it can bleach stains and second react with peroxide to form highly readive hydroxyl radicals that can cause dye and fabric damage [32]. Chelants bind with copper and other metals to prevent these unwanted side readions. 

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