Myristic acid methyl ester

S. R. Patil, T. Mukaiyama, and A. K. Rakshit, Interfacial, thermodynamic, and performance properties of a-sulfonato myristic acid methyl ester—hexaoxyeth-ylene monododecyl ether mixed surfactants, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 659-671, 2003. 

Fujiwara et al. studied the precipitation phase boundary diagrams of the sodium salts of a-sulfonated myristic and palmitic acid methyl esters in the presence of calcium ions [61]. The time dependency of the precipitation showed that the calcium salts have an extremely slow crystallization rate at room temperatures. This is the reason for the good hardness tolerance of the a-sulfonated fatty acid methyl esters. 

A soap-based powder can be produced in combination with ester sulfonates. Thirty-five percent of a sodium soap mixture (5% lauric acid, 5% myristic acid, 52% palmitic acid, 21% stearic acid, 12% oleic acid, and 5% linoleic acid) is mixed with 15% sodium a-sulfo palm oil fatty acid methyl ester, 3% lauric acid ethoxylate, 5% sodium silicate, 17% sodium carbonate, 20% Na2S04- 10H2O, and 5% water [79]. 

TLC spots with marker reveal the presence of free fatty acids (FFA), diglyceride (DG), monoglyceride (MG) but negligible amount of TG. GCMS of fatty acid— methyl esters (FAME) from lion mane presented evidence for fatty acids ranging from C9-C24 (Figs. 5.3- 5.6). Low volatility molecules like nonanedioic acid (Fig. 5.3), tridecanoic acid (Fig. 5.4), 12-methyl tridecanoic acid were also present in lion hair lipids. In addition fatty acids such as myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, heptanoic, stearic and octadecenoic acids (Fig. 5.5) have also been detected. Erucic... 

Similar investigations with the related species Tegenaria pagana and Tegenaria domestica (Trabalon et al., 1997) determined that males of both species reacted to attractive females with longer contact times compared with that for unattractive or solvent-washed females. The response was species specific, and when pentane extracts were partitioned between pentane and methanol, most of the activity was found in the methanol fraction. The methanol fractions contained fatty acids and their methyl esters and showed quantitative differences between the two physiological states of the females with respect to myristic acid, methyl palmitate,... 

Parrish (1977) reviewed the research and development of lactose ester-type surfactants carried out by Scholnick and his colleagues (Scholnick et al. 1974, 1975 Scholnick and Linfield 1977). Their initial attempts to form lactose esters followed the same transesterification procedures that had been used with sucrose (a fatty acid methyl ester in N,N-dimethylformamide with potassium carbonate as the catalyst). Their successful approach was the reaction of lactose in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as the solvent with fatty acid chlorides, resulting in yields of 88 to 95% for esters of lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and tallow fatty acids. The principal product was the monoester, which is important for detergent use, since diesters and higher esters of lactose are not water soluble. 

Volatilization of the lipstick using the Py-GC process indicates the presence of cetyl acetate (CA) and isopropyl myristate (1PM). Heptanal (C-7AL), a pyrolysis product of castor oil, is a major product. The THM profile in this case is more complex and gives more information about the composition of the product. Cetyl acetate is converted to the methyl ether of cetyl alcohol (C-16-OME), while IPM is partly converted to the methyl ester. The major components, RIC-OME and RIC, are identified as the methyl ether of ricinoleic acid methyl ester and ricinoleic acid methyl ester having a free OH group, respectively. These compounds result from hydrolysis and complete or partial methylation of the major component of castor oil. C8.0 and CIO.O are fatty acid methyl esters that indicate the presence of coconut oil in the formulation. This product was differentiated from more than 60 lipsticks examined in the study, on the basis of the compositon of the organic components. 

The fatty acid methyl esters C16.0, C18.0, and C18.2 indicate the presence of a vegetable oil. However, the detection of isopropyl palmitate (IPP) and isopropyl stearate (IPS) in the Py-GC experiment (not shown) means that there would also be a contribution of their fatty acids to this pyrogram. The methyl ethers of cetyl alcohol (C16-OME) and stearyl alcohol (C18-OME) suggest the presence of the respective free fatty alcohols, and this is confirmed by an inspection of the pyrogram from the Py-GC experiment (not shown). Myristyl alcohol methyl ether (C14-OME) and myris-tic acid methyl ester (CM. 0) originate from myristyl myristate used in the formulation. 

Synonyms Methyl tetradecanoate Tetradecanoic acid, methyl ester Definition Ester of methyl alcohol and myristic acid Empiricai C16H30O2 Formuia CH3(CH2)i2COOCH3 Properties Colorless liq., honey and orris-like odor insol. in water m.w. 242.40 dens. 0.866 (20/4 C) m.p. 17.8 C b.p. 186.8 C (30 mm) flash pt. >112 C ref. index 1.438 (20 C)... 

Tetradecanoic acid, methyl ester. See Methyl myristate... 

Preparation of the Time Index Standard Mixture (FAMEs) Methyl caprylate, methyl pelargo-nate, methyl caprate, methyl laurate, methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl eicosanoate, methyl docosanoate, lignoceric acid methyl ester, methyl hexaco-sanoate, methyl octacosanoate, and triaconta-noic acid methylester. Alternatively, alkanes or fatty acids may also be used. The final concentration of each compound in the mixture should be between 0.4 and 0.8 mg/mL of chloroform. 

Today palm oil is widely used in food applicahons and preferred for frying and baking applications because of its good oxidative stability and high solid fat content. Palm oil contains about 50% saturated (42 8% palmitic and 4-5% stearic acids) and 50% unsaturated fatty acids (37-41% linoleic and 9-11% linolenic acids). The fatty acid composition of palm kernel oil resembles that of the coconut oil rather than that of palm oil. Palm kernel oil is rich in lauric (about 48%), myristic (16%) and oleic (15%) acids. Both palm oil and pahn kernel oil are commercially separated into stearin (solid) and olein (liquid) fractions for special applications. The stearin fraction obtained from palm kernel can be used as a cocoa butter substitute. The olein fraction is used in baked goods and soap manufacturing. Imitation palm-oil-based cheese, hand and body lotion, fatty acid methyl esters for use as fuel or solvent, and epoxidized pahn oil to produce plasticizers and stabilizers for conventional polyvinyl chloride plastics are some of the other products that are produced from palm oil (Basiron, 2005). 

Tetradecanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, bromide. See Myrtrimonium bromide Tetradecanoic acid. See Myristic acid Tetradecanoic acid, aluminum salt. See Aluminum myristate Tetradecanoic acid, butyl ester. See Butyl myristate Tetradecanoic acid, calcium salt. See Calcium myristate Tetradecanoic acid, compd. with 2,2. 2"-nitrilotris (ethanol) Tetradecanoic acid, compd. with 2,2. 2"-nitrilotris (ethanol) (1 1). See TEA-myristate Tetradecanoic acid, dextrin ester. See Dextrin myristate Tetradecanoic acid, hexadecyl ester. See Cetyl myristate Tetradecanoic acid isopropyl ester. See Isopropyl myristate Tetradecanoic acid, magnesium salt. See Magnesium myristate Tetradecanoic acid, methyl ester. See Methyl myristate Tetradecanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester. See Isopropyl myristate Tetradecanoic acid, monoester with decaglycerol. See Polyglyceryl-10 myristate... 

By increasing the molar proportion of the monocarboxylic acid, the yield of (II) is improved. Thus electrolysis of a mixture of decanoic acid (n-decoic acid capric acid) (V) (2 mols) and methyl hydrogen adipate (VI) (1 mol) in anhydrous methanol in the presence of a little sodium methoxide gives, after hydrolysis of the esters formed, n-octadecane (VII), tetradecanoic or myristic acid (VIH) and sebacic acid (IX) ... 

Myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid) [544-63-8] M 228.4, m 58 , pK 6.3 (50% EtOH), pK si -4.9 (H2O). Purified via the methyl ester (h 153-154 /10mm, n 1.4350), as for capric acid. [Trachtman and Miller y/4m Chem Soc 84 4828 7962.] Also purified by zone melting. Crystd from pet ether and dried in a vacuum desiccator containing shredded wax. 

Myristic Acid (Coll. Vol. 1, 371) An improved apparatus for fractionation of the methyl esters from coconut oil. Lepkovsky, Feskov, and Evans, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58, 978 (1936). 

Myristic and palmitic acids can be obtained from their esters by the procedure in Org. Syn. Coll. Vol. 1, 371. From roo g. of methyl myristate is obtained 85-89 g. (90-95 per cent of the theoretical amount) of colorless myristic acid melting at 52-53°. From 100 g. of methyl palmitate is obtained 84-88 g. (90-95 per cent of the theoretical amount) of colorless palmitic acid melting at 62-63°. 

Fatty acid esters Ethyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, decyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethoxy ethyl acetate, methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl palmitate, isobutyl palmitate, methyl margarate, butyl margarate, methyl stearate, ethyl stearate, butyl stearate, isobutyl stearate, methyl oleate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, methyl linoleate, methyl laurate, octyl laurate, methyl myristate, isobutyl myristate, butyl myristate, dihydroisopimaric add methyl ester... 

The saturated fatty acid tctradccanoic acid (also known as myristic acid) is manufactured commercially from coconut oil by base-catalysed hydrolysis. You may be surprised to learn that coconut oil contains more saturated fat than butter, lard, or beef dripping much of it is the trimyristate ester of glycerol. Hydrolysis with aqueous sodium hydroxide, followed by reprotonation of the sodium carboxylate salt with acid, gives myristic acid. Notice how much longer it takes to hydrolyse this branched ester than it did to hydrolyse a methyl ester (p. 291),... 

Again, it is important to note that methyl esters of lard and tallow are the sum of the methyl esters of fatty acids found in the original fat. Methyl lard for example, will contain methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, and methyl linolenate in the same percentages as the lard used as the raw material, unless the manufacturer fractionates the material, thereby selecting methyl esters of certain fatty acids over others. 

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