Tallow fatty acids

When tallow fatty acids are the feed, stearic acid (actually 60/40 C16/C18) and oleic acids are the products. Solvent separation is also used to separate stearic acid from isostearic acid when hydrogenated monomer is the feed, and oleic acid from linoleic acid when using tall oil fatty acids as feed. 

Fatty acid Separation of tallow fatty acid 20,000 Stearic acid Iodine no. 2 Falling him Japan Undisclosed... 

A phosphate-free detergent with excellent detergency and improved foaming and rinsing properties consists of 10% sodium a-sulfo hardened beef tallow fatty acid methyl ester, 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 5% a-sulfomyristic acid disodium salt, 10% zeolite, 10% sodium silicate, 10% sodium carbonate, 10% cellulose, 40% Flauber s salt, and 4% water [80]. 

A detergent, imparting better flexibility to cotton cloth is produced by adding 1% sodium a-sulfo hardened tallow fatty acid methyl ester and 9% disodium a-sulfo hardened palm oil fatty acid to a mixture of 5% sodium n-dodecyl-benzenesulfonate, 5% a-C16-olefmsulfonate, 3% dimethyldistearylammonium chloride, 15% zeolite, 10% sodium silicate, 10% sodium carbonate, 2% soap, 35% Na2S04-7H20, and 5% water [84],... 

Sodium a-sulfomethylmyristate is used together with the sodium salt of hardened beef tallow fatty acid to produce a soap with little skin irritation [88]. Shampoos for application to hair as well as skin comprise a-sulfo fatty acid ester salts, fatty acid dialkanolamides, and citric acid. For example, a shampoo that consists of 15% sodium a-sulfoethylmyristate, 3% lauric acid diethanolamide, 0.5% citric acid, and 81.5% water is very effective even in hard water and only slightly irritating to the skin [89]. 

Odor and color instability was traced to the choice of SAI. The original Monsavon composition used an SAI blend made from 80% coconut fatty acid and 20% tallow fatty acid. A characteristic alkyl chain length distribution for the resulting SAI is shown in Table 9.4-1. 

Odor and color stability problems were also related to the alkyl chains used for SAI. These could be traced to the oxidation of unsaturated carbons, such as oleic acid (Ci8 fatty acid with a single double bond between carbon 9 and 10, i.e. bond position 9 counted from the carboxyl carbon), linoleic acid (Cis fatty acid with two double bonds at position 9 and 12), and linolenic acid (Cis fatty acid with three double bonds at position 9, 12, and 15). Natural coconut fatty acid contains about 6% oleic acid, about 3% linoleic acid, and less than 1% linolenic acid. Tallow fatty acid contains nearly 44% oleic and about 6% of other unsaturates [20]. Partial hydrogenation of the coconut fatty acid used in the manufacture of SCI served to eliminate linoleic and linolenic acids for improved odor stability, while not eliminating oleic acid, which is important for good lather. 

Soil Extraction. Granite Reef soil, 100 g, was treated with 30 mL of a 5% isopropanol solution of the partially hydrogenated tallow fatty acid-DETA reaction product and then air dried overnight and finally in a vacuum oven at 50°C for 1 hr to remove residual isopropanol. On the following day the treated soil was extracted with ethanol 8 hr in the Soxhlet apparatus. The extracted solvent was evaporated recovering 1 g residue. As a control experiment, untreated soil, 100 g, was also extracted 8 hr with ethanol. 

This work describes the application to soil of compounds of a previous study (11) which dealt primarily with organic synthesis and physical properties of reaction products of pure fatty acids with BETA. In this study derivatives were prepared from various industrial fatty materials. In addition, water infiltration studies on sand, sandy soil, and clay soils were carried out on the previously prepared and new compounds. Finally, an investigation was initiated to determine the biological effects of one water-repelling chemical, the partially hydrogenated tallow-fatty acid-DETA reaction product, on seed germination and plant growth. 

The melting points of the pure saturated fatty acid-DETA derivatives were over 100°C and possessed low solubility in most organic solvents. The unsaturated fatty acid-diamides had much lower melting points. The industrial fatty-DETA derivatives with the exception of the product from hydrogenated tallow fatty acids melted at 60°C or below. 

The industrial fatty acid-DETA derivatives were evaluated for application to soil. Water infiltrated soil coated with the BETA derivative of tallow more rapidly than the controls. This was due to the high unsaturation content and also in part to the glycerine retained in the product as discussed below. We were unable to find a solvent system which would readily separate the glycerine, formed from the triglyceride, from the BETA reaction product. If the glycerine were removed, the infiltration rates for the tallow-DETA derivative should be identical with the rates obtained for tallow fatty acid-DETA reaction product. 

The soil treated with the tallow fatty acid-DETA reaction product retarded moisture infiltration on both soils. The partially hydrogenated and completely hydrogenated tallow fatty acid-DETA derivatives also displayed hydrophobic properties on both soils. Although the completely hydrogenated tallow fatty acid-DETA reaction product (m.p. 90°C) had optimum hydrophobic properties on all three soils, it was difficult to dissolve in most organic solvents. Even the partially hydrogenated tallow fatty acid-DETA reaction product, m.p. 45°-50°C, was not readily soluble. 

The material (1 g) recovered by the alcoholic extraction of treated soil in the Soxhlet apparatus was identified by U.V. spectroscopy at 202 nm as being unreacted partially hydrogenated tallow fatty acid-DETA reaction product. The alcohol solubles from the untreated soil absorbed in the range of 230-220 nm with only a trace absorption at 202 nm. The 60% recovery suggests that the 5% concentration was too high and further work is required to determine the proper concentration. 

Figure 1. Effect of glycerine concentration on contact angle the partially hydrogenated tallow fatty acid-DETA reaction product.

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