Ethyl stearate

Ethyl stearate [111-61-5] M 312.5, m 33 , b 213-215 /15mm. The solid portion was separated from the partially solid starting material, then crystd twice from EtOH, dried by azeotropic distn with benzene, and fractionally distd in a spinning-band column at low pressure [Welsh Trans Faraday Soc 55 52 1959]. 

The neutral fats used in the preparation of the hydrophobic core of the several liposphere-vaccine formulations described here included tricaprin and tristearin, stearic acid, and ethyl stearate. The phospholipids used to form the surrounding layer of lipospheres were egg phosphatidylcholine and dimyristoyl phosphatidylg-lycerol. Polymeric biodegradable lipospheres were prepared from low molecular weight polylactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone-diol (PCL). 

An examination of the mechanism of spreading of solids on water has indicated that the process takes place in somewhat the following manner. At a certain critical temperature the magni- Adam Proo. Boy. Soe. ox. 423,1926) has recently obtained th.e following values for the vapour pressures. Myristic acid 0 20 dynes per cm. Palmitic acid 0-04 dynes per cm. Ethyl stearate 0-025 dynes p6r cm. 

Continuous Deoxygenation of Ethyl Stearate A Model Reaction for Production of Diesel Fuel Hydrocarbons... 

The deoitygenation reaction of ethyl stearate was carried out for 4-6 h at reaction temperatures between 270-360°C and under reactor pressure of 0-7 bar. The effect of the catalyst pretreatment and the catalyst mass as well as the influence of reaction temperature were studied. The observed products in the ethyl stearate reaction are the deoxygenation products (desired), intermediate product (fatty acid), hydrogenation products (unsaturated Et-SA) and by-products (Figure 3). 

Figure 3. Reaction products detected during the deoxygenation of ethyl stearate.

Figure 4. The effect of catalyst reduction in deoxygenation of ethyl stearate. Reaction conditions 5 mol% ethyl stearate in hexadecane, T = 270 °C, p = 1 bar, nicat = 0.4 g and liquid flow rate (V ) =0.1 ml/min.

The dehydrogenation of ethyl stearate over the non-pretreated catalyst subsequently led to a rapid catalyst deactivation (from 66% to 16% of conversion within Ih of reaction) whereas the pretreated catalyst deactivated only slightly (17%... 

A novel method for production of paraffinic hydrocarbons, suitable as diesel fuel, from renewable resources was illustrated. The fatty acid ethyl ester, ethyl stearate, was successfully converted with high catalyst activity and high selectivity towards formation of the desired product, heptadecane. Investigation of the impact of catalyst reduction showed that the reduction pretreatment had a beneficial effect on the formation of desired diesel compound. The non-pretreated catalyst dehydrogenated ethyl stearate to ethyl oleate. The experiments at different reaction temperatures, depicted that conversion of ethyl stearate was strongly dependent on reaction temperature with Eact=69 kj/mole, while product selectivities were almost constant. Complete conversion of ethyl stearate and very high selectivity towards desired product (95%) were achieved at 360°C. 

When all the sodium has dissolved, the condenser is removed and 584 g. (4 moles) of diethyl oxalate (Note 2) and 312 g. (1 mole) of ethyl stearate (Note 3) are quickly added. The con-... 

A column is not needed during distillation of the ethanol. When low-molecular-weight esters are substituted for ethyl stearate a suitable indented column should be used at this point to prevent loss of the ester. The reaction temperature should not be allowed to exceed 60°, because decomposition of the condensation product may result. 

A 60-cm. column of the Vigreux type, with heated jacket and partial reflux head, was found satisfactory by the checkers. Ethyl stearate may solidify in the condenser if a total reflux head is used. Refractionation of the fore-run gives an additional 30 40 g. (10-13%) of pure product. Material containing a few... 

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