Acid Myristic

The film pressure of a myristic acid film at 20°C is 10 dyn/cm at an area of 23 A per molecule the limiting area at high pressures can be taken as 20 A per molecule. Calculate what the film pressure should be, using Eq. IV-36 with / = 1, and what the activity coefficient of water in the interfacial solution is in terms of that model. 

By increasing the molar proportion of the monocarboxylic acid, the yield of (II) is improved. Thus electrolysis of a mixture of decanoic acid (n-decoic acid capric acid) (V) (2 mols) and methyl hydrogen adipate (VI) (1 mol) in anhydrous methanol in the presence of a little sodium methoxide gives, after hydrolysis of the esters formed, n-octadecane (VII), tetradecanoic or myristic acid (VIH) and sebacic acid (IX) ... 

An excellent synthesis of myristic acid is thus achieved from readily accessible starting materials. An alternative synthesis of myristic acid utilises hexanoic acid (M-caproic acid n-hexoic acid) (X) (2 mols) and methyl hydrogen sebacate (XI) (1 mol) the products, after hydrolysis, are Ji-decane (XII), myristic acid (XIII) and hexadecane-1 16-dlcarboxylic acid (XIV) ... 

Myristic acid from hexanoic acid and methyl hydrogen sebacate). Dissolve 23 -2 g. of redistilled hexanoic acid (re caproic acid), b.p. 204-6-205-5°/760 mm., and 21-6 g. of methyl hydrogen sebacate in 200 ml. of absolute methanol to which 0 13 g. of sodium has been added. Electrolyse at 2 0 amps., whilst maintaining the temperature between 30° and 40°, until the pH is about 8 0 (ca. 6 hours). Neutralise the contents of the electrolysis cell with a little acetic acid and distil off the methyl alcohol on a water bath. Dissolve the residue in 200 ml. of ether, wash with three 50 ml. portions of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, once with water, dry with anhydrous magnesium sulphate, and distil with the aid of a fractionating column (see under Methyl hydrogen adipate). Collect the re-decane at 60°/10 mm. (3 0 g.), the methyl myristate at 158-160°/ 10 mm. (12 5g.) and dimethyl hexadecane-1 16-dicarboxylate at 215-230°/ 7 mm. (1 -5 g.)... 

Reflux a mixture of 7 3 g. of methyl myristate with a solution of 4 8 g. of sodium hydroxide in 200 ml. of 90 per cent, methanol for 2 hours, distil off the methanol on a water bath, dissolve the residue in 400 ml. of hot water, add 15 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid to the solution at 50° in order to precipitate the organic acid, and cool. Collect the acid by suction filtration, wash it with a little water and dry in a vacuum desiccator. The yield of myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid tetradecoic acid), m.p. 57-58°, is 5 9 g. 

Laurie acid Myristic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid Arachidic acid... 

Orris. Orris is produced from rhi2omes of Ins pallida and Ins germanica. The plants are found and cultivated mosdy ia Italy, but also ia Morocco and China. It is used ia perfumery as an absolute, a steam-distilled essential oil, and a concrete. The last material, which is a low melting soHd (due to a high content of myristic acid) and therefore erroneously called a concrete, is by far the most used. Orris has a violet-like odor useful ia fine perfumes, luxury soaps, and fragrances for powders and other cosmetic products. Its most important odor contributors are the irones, of which the most important isomer... 

Four columns are needed to produce the desired products. Considering the Sharp Distillation Sequencing heuristics, heuristic (/) does not apply, as there is more than one product in this mixture. Fatty acids are moderately corrosive, but none is particularly more so than the others, so heuristic (2) does not apply. The most volatile product, the caproic and capryflc mixture, is a small (10 mol %) fraction of the feed, so heuristic (3) does not apply. The least volatile product, the oleic—stearic acids, is 27% of the feed, but is not nearly as large as the capric—lauric acid product, so heuristic (4) does not apply. The spht between lauric and myristic acids is closest to equimolar (55 45) and is easy. Therefore, by heuristic (5) it should be performed first. The boiling point list implies that the distillate of the first column contains caproic, capryflc, capric, and lauric acids. This stream requires only one further separation, which by heuristic (/) is between the caproic—capryflc acids and capric—lauric acids. 

The most volatile product (myristic acid) is a small fraction of the feed, whereas the least volatile product (oleic—stearic acids) is most of the feed, and the palmitic—oleic acid split has a good relative volatility. The palmitic—oleic acid split therefore is selected by heuristic (4) for the third column. This would also be the separation suggested by heuristic (5). After splitting myristic and palmitic acid, the final distillation sequence is pictured in Figure 1. Detailed simulations of the separation flow sheet confirm that the capital cost of this design is about 7% less than the straightforward direct sequence. 

Chrome complexes of stearic and myristic acids provide water and aqueous stain resistance, dimensional stabUity, and lubricity. The products may also enhance the appearance and durabUity of leather. The chrome complex reacts with the leather molecules to form a permanent bond. 

Pressure, kPa Caproic acid Caprylic acid Cap tic acid Laurie acid Myristic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid... 

Myristic acid occurs as a glyceride in many vegetable fats and oils, in particular in coconut oil,i its isolation from which involves separation from homologs by fractional distillation of the acids or their esters. The trimyristin obtained from nutmegs 2 (p. 100) or from the seeds of Virola venezuelensis forms the most suitable source. 

The only convenient source of trimyristin is nutmegs, and ether is the most suitable solvent for its extraction. It has also been prepared from glycerol and myristic acid. ... 

Myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid) [544-63-8] M 228.4, m 58 , pK 6.3 (50% EtOH), pK si -4.9 (H2O). Purified via the methyl ester (h 153-154 /10mm, n 1.4350), as for capric acid. [Trachtman and Miller y/4m Chem Soc 84 4828 7962.] Also purified by zone melting. Crystd from pet ether and dried in a vacuum desiccator containing shredded wax. 

Detection and result The chromatogram was freed from mobile phase and immersed in the reagent solution for 1 s. Arachidic acid (hRf 15-20), stearic acid hR( 30 — 35), palmitic acid hRf 50—55), myristic acid (hRf 60 — 65) and lauric acid (hRf 70 — 75) appeared as pink zones on a reddish background. 

Fig. 1 Fluorescence scan of a fatty acid mixture with 500 ng substance per chromatogram zone. Arachidic acid (I), stearic acid (2), palmitic acid (3), myristic acid (4), lauric acid (5).

Although vegetable oils usually contain a higher proportion of nnsatnrated fatty acids than do animal oils and fats, several plant oils are actually high in saturated fats. Palm oil is low in polyunsaturated fatty acids and particularly high in (saturated) palmitic acid (whence the name palmitic). Coconut oil is particularly high in lanric and myristic acids (both saturated) and contains very few nnsatnrated fatty acids. 

Myristic acid may be linked via an amide bond to the a-amino group of the N-terminal glycine residue of selected proteins (Figure 9.18). The reaction is referred to as A -myristoylation and is catalyzed by myristoyl—CoAtprolein N-myris-toyltransferase, known simply as NMT. A -Myristoyl-anchored proteins include the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, the ppSff tyrosine kinase, the phosphatase known as calcineurin B, the a-subunit of G proteins (involved in GTP-dependent transmembrane signaling events), and the gag proteins of certain retroviruses, including the FHV-l virus that causes AIDS. 

Write properly balanced chemical equations for the oxidation to COg and water of (a) myristic acid, (b) stearic acid, (c) a-linolenic acid, and (d) arachidonic acid. 

Myrika-fett, -wachs, n. myrtle wax. Myristiclns ure, /. myristicic acid. MyristinsSure, /. myristic acid. 

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