Antigens human leukocyte

Contamination of blood products with lymphocytes can lead to transfusion-induced reactions ranging from a mild fever to severe reactions such as alloimmunization and graft versus host disease (GvHD), in which the transfused lymphocytes (graft) survive the defensive immune reaction of the patient (host) and start a reaction which destroys the cells of the host. The patient also may develop an immune response to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type of the graft s cells and reject all platelet transfusions that do not match their own HLA system. The HLA system, found on blood platelets and lymphocytes, is more compHcated than, but similar to, the ABO blood group system of red cells. 

Transfusion-induced autoimmune disease has been a significant complication in the treatment of patients who require multiple platelet transfusions. Platelets and lymphocytes carry their own blood group system, ie, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system, and it can be difficult to find an HLA matched donor. A mismatched platelet transfusion does not induce immediate adverse reactions, but may cause the patient to become refractory to the HLA type of the transfused platelets. The next time platelets with an HLA type similar to that of the transfused platelets are transfused, they are rejected by the patient and thus have no clinical efficacy. Exposure to platelets originating from different donors is minimized by the use of apheresis platelets. One transfusable dose (unit) of apheresis platelets contains 3-5 x 10 platelets. An equal dose of platelets from whole blood donation requires platelets from six to eight units of whole blood. Furthermore, platelets can be donated every 10 days, versus 10 weeks for whole blood donations. 

The inflammatory response in UC is propagated by atypical type 2 helper T cells that produce proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).7 As discussed previously, a genetic predisposition to UC may partially explain the development of excessive colonic and rectal inflammation. The finding of positive perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) in association with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR2 allele in a large percentage of patients with UC supports this theory.4,12... 

Family history of RA. Genetic studies demonstrate a strong correlation between RA and the presence of major histocompatibility complex class II human leukocyte antigens (HLA), specifically HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR4.4,5 HLA is a molecule associated with the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes. 

Fi02 Fraction of inspired oxygen HLA Human leukocyte antigen human lymphocyte antigen... 

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) Groups of genes found on the major histocompatibility complex, which contain cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins. The body uses HLA to distinguish between self-cells and non-self-cells. 

P2-Microglobulin 0.002 11.8 Associated with human leukocyte antigen... 

Initial studies using this system have proved encouraging. The altered virus (without associated monoclonal antibody) failed to infect a wide variety of human cell lines. By initially incubating with monoclonal antibody of the appropriate specificity, however, the viral particles were capable of efficiently transducing cells expressing surface receptors such as CD4, CD33 and human leukocyte antigen. 

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only therapy that is curative. The best candidates are younger than 16 years of age, have severe complications, and have human leukocyte antigen-matched donors. Risks must be carefully considered and include mortality, graft rejection, and secondary malignancies. 

Mapp, C.E. et al., Human leukocyte antigen associations in occupational asthma induced by isocyanates, Am. J. Respir. Crit Care Med., 156, S139, 1997. 

MIC = MHC class 1 chain-related antigens ULBPs = UL16-binding protein KIR = killer immunoglobulin-like receptor HLA = human leukocyte antigen ... 

First, we incubated immature dendritic cells (iDC) in the presence or absence of IRIV and could not observe upregulation of defined maturation markers. However, iDC incubation with supernatants harvested from IRIV stimulated PBMC cultures resulted in upregulation of CD86, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class I molecules, and, in most cases, also of CD83 (6). These results demonstrate that IRIV-induced cytokine secretion of PBMC indeed favors maturation of DC. 

Fig. 14.3 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus with some of the polymorphic sites known within the TNF locus. C2, C4, complement C2, C4 Ch, chromosome HLA, human leukocyte antigen HSP, heat shock protein LTA, lymphotoxin A LTB, lymphotoxin B MHC, major histocompatibility complex. (Reproduced from ref 74 by permission of Future Medicine Ltd.)...

Abs, Antibodies CD, celiac disease EM, endomysial antibodies GFD, gluten-free diet HLA-DQ2, human leukocyte antigen ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule IFN, interferon IL, interleukin Lab laboratory tTG, tissue transglutaminase antibodies. 

DTH Delayed-type hypersensitivity FKBP FK-binding protein HAMA Human antimouse antibody HLA Human leukocyte antigen IFN Interferon... 

The clinical significance of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele compatibility in patients receiving a marrow transplant from serologically HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR matched unrelated donors Morishima, Y., Sasazuki, T., Inoko, H., Juji, T., Akaza, T., Yamamoto, K., Ishikawa, Y., Kato, S., Sao, H., Sakamaki, H., Kawa, K., Hamajima, N., Asano, S., Kodera, Y. (2002). Blood, 99 (11) 4200-4206. 

Structure of Class I Human Leukocyte Antigen Molecules... 

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