Nuclear factor kappa B

Nuclear Factor Kappa B Toll-like Receptors... 

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) is the generic term for a family of dimeric eukaryotic transcription factors, composed of members of the Rel family of DNA-binding proteins including the mammalian proteins RelA (or p65), cRel, RelB, p50 and p52, and the Drosophila proteins Dorsal, Dif and Relish. These proteins bind with different affinities to a consensus DNA sequence motif (called the kB site) consisting of the sequence 5 -GGGRNNYYCC-3 in which R is a purine, Y is a pyrimidine, and N is any base. 

Essential for induction ofthe/Z-5 gene in inflammatory reactions is the binding site for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). NF-kB responds to cytokines, stress, free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial, viral, or even parasitic antigens [2]. NF-kB stands for a family of subunits, which form homo-, and heterodimers. All NF-kB proteins share a highly conserved DNA-binding/dimerization domain called the Rel homology domain (RHD) consisting of two (3-strand core domains... 

Fuiia B, Deng L, Wu K, Baylor S, Kehn K, Li H, DonneUy R, Coleman T, Kashanchi F (2002) Enhancement of nuclear factor-kappa B acetylation by coactivator p300 and HIV-1 Tat proteins. J Biol Chem 277(7) 4973 980... 

IkB inhibitory protein kappa B lCAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 lL-1 interleukin-1 LDL low density lipoprotein MAPKs mitogen activated protein kinases MCP-1 macrophage chemotactic protein 1 M-CSF macrophage colony stimulating factor mmLDL minimally modified LDL NAC A-acetylcysteine NF-kB nuclear factor-kappa B oxLDL oxidised LDL PKC protein kinase C PMA phobol myristate acetate ROS reactive oxygen species TNF-a tumour necrosis factor alpha AM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1... 

Nuclear factor-KB Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) is a transcription factor that regulates cytokine production. 

Chandrasekar B, Bysani S, Mummidi S. CXCL16 signals via Gi, phosphatidylino-sitol 3-kinase, Akt, I kappa B kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B and induces cell-cell adhesion and aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2004 279(5) 3188-3196. 

Modulation of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-kB) Activation Pathway.466... 

Huang, C.S., Fan, Y.E., Lin, C.Y., and Hu, M.L. 2007. Lycopene inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and down-regulates the binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B and stimulatory protein. J Nutr Biochem 18 449 156. 

Nie, Z., Mei, Y., Ford, M. et al. (1998). Oxidative stress increases Al adenosine receptor expression by activationg nuclear factor kappa B. Mol Pharmacol. 53 (4), 663-9. 

Fig. 2 Possible mechanisms by which nanoparticles cause toxicity inside cells. GSH glutathione, GSSG glutathione disulfide, MDA malondialdehyde, NFkB nuclear factor kappa B, Nrf2 nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, ROS reactive oxygen species...

Liao, W. T. et al., Arsenic induces human keratinocyte apoptosis by the FAS/FAS ligand pathway, which correlates with alterations in nuclear factor-kappa B and activator protein-1 activity, J. Invest. Dermatol, 122,125, 2004. 

MAPK phosphatase nuclear factor-kappa B protein kinase C... 

Inhibition of leucocyte adhesion to endothelium. By acting on the gene transcription factor called nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), NO limits the expression by endothelial cells of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and VCAM-1. As both MCP-1 and VCAM-1 are involved with pro-inflammatory responses, NO is in this manner an anti-inflammatory agent ... 

The coupling of superantigen—major histocompatibility complex class II to T-cell receptor swifdy results in cell-signaling cascades. ° These staphylococcal toxins can increase levels of phosphatidyl inositol from quiescent T cells, such as other mitogens, as well as elicit intracellular Ca movement that activates the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway important for interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression. " IL-2 is intimately linked to T-cell proliferation. In addition to the PKC pathway, the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) pathway is also activated by superantigens, leading to elevated expression of various proinflammatory cytokines. Staphylococcal superantigens also potently activate transcriptional factors NF-/IB (nuclear factor kappa B) and AP-1 (activator protein-1), which subsequently elicit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. " " ... 

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