Job hazards analysis

Job hazard analysis (JHA) permits an examination of job-related tasks and processes for the purpose of discovering and correcting inherent risks and hazards. Supervisors and other experienced personnel can perform the process by working sequentially through the steps of a job process or task (see Table 1.2). Job hazard analysis requires an understanding of potential job hazards, and can 

Step A Break the Job Down Examine each step in the process for hazards or unsafe conditions that could develop during the job process. 

Step B Identify Hazards Document process hazards, environmental concerns, and any anticipated human issues. Step C Evaluate Hazards Assess identified hazards and behaviors to determine their potential roles in an accident event. 

Step D Develop and Design Hazard Controls Develop or design the best hazard controls based on evaluating each hazard. Coordinate implementation of all feasible controls. 

Step E Implement Required Controls Coordinate and obtain management approval for implementation. 

Step 2 Identify hazards —Document process hazards, environmental concerns, and anticipated human issues. 

Step 3 Evaluate hazards—Assess identified hazards and behaviors to determine their potential roles in an accident event. 

Step 4 Develop and design hazard controls —Develop or design the best hazard 

You may have heard other terms sueh as job safety analysis (JSA), aetivity hazard analysis (AHA), or task-speeifie hazards analysis (THA). No matter what you eall the term, a job hazard analysis (JHA) is a proeess that ean used to help develop safe work praetiees or proeedures. 

Some hazards are obvious and you ean uneover them during safety reviews. Other hazards are less obvious and you ean only uneover them by eondueting a systematie analysis of eaeh job to identify potential hazards. 

The easiest and possibly most effective method is the step-by-step process of the job hazard analysis (JHA). JHA is sometimes referred to as job safety analysis (JSA). The hazard analysis process looks at jobs or processes. Done for every job, a JHA or JSA ensures safe steps, teaches new workers, eliminates or controls hazardous materials, and much more. Some companies have work teams complete JHAs or JSAs on every job or process and then use them as a guide to do the job. The JHA is a hazard identification tool, an analysis tool, a training tool, and an accident prevention tool all rolled into one. 

also called JHA, is a process used to determine hazards of, and safe procedures for, each step of a job. A specific job, or work assigmnent, can be separated into a series of relatively simple steps. The hazards associated with each step can be identified and solutions can be developed to control each hazard. A simple form can be used to carry out a JHA (see Table 8.7). You will find more information on JHAs in Chapter 17. 

Equipment or or Injury Hazard Potential Hazard Materials Used to Worker to System 

Source Courtesy of Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 

Employers can help reduce warehouse injuries, whether minor or severe, and the associated financial losses through proper employee training. When employees lack the proper safety training, errors can easily be made that ultimately end in injury or illness. Training employees in safe job procedures can be accomplished through job hazard analysis (JHA). There are other names given to this process, but the end result of the program is usually the same as JHA. Other titles include job safety analysis, safe work procedures, and detailed safety analysis. 

This chapter will focus on the JHA process and includes several useful forms to assist in a JHA program. The following components of JHA are covered  

Accident/incident prevention techniques. New York Taylor Francis, Inc., 2001. Reese, C. D. and J. V. Eidson. Handbook of OSHA construction safety health (second edition). Boca Raton, FL CRC Press/Taylor Francis, 2006. 

United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Job Hazard Analysis (OSHA 3071). Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of Labor, 1992 United States Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration. Job Safety Analysis A Practical Approach (Instruction Guide No. 83). Beckley, WV U.S. Department of Labor, 1990. 

United States Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration. Job Safety Analysis (Safety Manual No. 5). Beckley, WV U.S. Department of Labor, revised 1990. 

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In Chapter 4 we will diseuss the regulatory framework and analyti-eal tools to eonduet these assessments, sueh as JHA (job hazard analysis), job safety analysis (JSA), safety analysis reports, proeess hazard analysis (PHA), and job, task, and hazard analysis. The reader needs to understand that OSHAs view on physieal and ehemieal hazards is far reaehing, as stated in the HAZWOPER standard. Note the following examples. 

Keep in mind that you should be familiar with the type of work that you will be doing before you do it. However, try as you might, the unexpeeted ean and often does oeeur. Therefore, as soon as the unex-peeted oeeurs, you must reaet. The reaetion should inelude a hazard assessment of the unexpeeted work aetivity. One effeetive way to do this is through a job hazard analysis. Note JHAs were diseussed in detail in Chapter 4. 

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)—procedure that systematically identifies (1) job steps, (2) specific hazards associated with each job step, and (3) safe job procedures associated with each step to minimize accident potential. Also called job hazard analysis. 

Job hazard analysis (JHA) program being implemented on some jobs... 

Hazard identification and control are important aspects of safety in a laboratory. Most hazards in a laboratory environment involve either unsafe conditions or behavior. Conditions can be controlled through proper analysis and inspection of the work environment, and implementation of controls to reduce or eliminate the exposure to these hazards. A formal job hazard analysis, where individual tasks are observed, broken down into their individual components, and analyzed for existing and potential hazards is necessary for hazard identification and corrective action. This activity must be followed by periodic formal inspections and hazard assessments. 

Has the facility adequately implemented a job hazard analysis procedure for work plarming Is chemical safety integrated into this process Is identification (and reduction) of waste generation integrated into this process ... 

Are waste t5qies, quantities, and their associated hazards identified in the job hazard analysis and work planning process ... 

According to the Draft Standard, the employer should analyze the problem job to identify the ergonomic risk factors that result in MSD hazards. The employer should eliminate the MSD hazards, reduce them to the extent feasible, or materially reduce them using the incremental abatement process in the standard. If the MSD hazards only pose a risk to the employee with the covered MSD, the job hazard analysis and control can be limited to that individual employee s job. In such a case, the employer should ... 

Include in the job-hazard analysis all of the employees in the problem job or those who represent the range of physical capabilities of employees in the job. 

Ramsay, J., Denny, F., Szirotnyak, K., Thomas, J., Comeliuson, E., Paxton, K. L. (2006). Identifying nursing hazards in the emergency department A new approach to nursing job hazard analysis. Journal of Safety Research, 37, 63-74. 

In addition to the literature on job analysis, there is also a body of work which has focused solely on methods for identifying the hazards and risks associated with a job. As some examples, techniques such as job safety analysis, also referred to as job hazard analysis (Chao and Henshaw 2002), construction job safety analysis (Rozenfeld et al. 2010), and constmction hazard assessment with spatial and temporal exposure (Rosenfeld et al. 2009) have been extensively discussed. These techniques are very useful for safety management, and among other things can be used to generate safety-related information which can be used to determine the essential knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics which are required to perform the job safely. 

Chao, E. L. Henshaw, J. L. (2002). Job hazard analysis. OSHA publication 3071 2002 (revised). Ocraipational safety and health administration, US Department of Labor, Washington. 

After compliance with the regulatory requirements is achieved and maintained, it is important that the focus be placed upon the behaviors of the individuals within the workforce. Employees working the same job for 40 hours a week, every week, acquire habits within the performance of their job function. The employee may not even realize that the behavior exhibited placed him or her or others within the workplace at risk. Although safety and health professionals often perform job observations, job hazard analysis, and other periodic activities, the safety and health professional cannot be everywhere in the workplace. Employees should be aware of not only the risks and safeguards of their job function but also actively involved in assisting fellow employees in improving their safety and health performance. 

A field change often represents the specific application of a genetically approved procedure. For example, a facility may have a standard procedure for steaming out pressure vessels before they are placed in service following maintenance. A field change will determine exactly how a particular vessel is to be steamed out in a specific situation. In spite of the fact that an MOC may not be needed, the work will still require that a job hazards analysis be performed for this type of change. 

New technology is continuously developed that may not have been evaluated for safety. Thus, safety professionals are more often engaged in preoperational hazards analyses, job hazard analysis, and the additional training that those analyses indicate is necessary. 

At all manufacturing and warehousing locations, there is a job hazard analysis for every job. 

Is there a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) for this job Yes or No. If no, and the company requires job hazard analyses, further comment would be expected. 

A job hazard analysis is a job design review that is to assess the physical hazards and the task performance hazards, taking into consideration the capabilities and limitations of people, and their possible quirky behavior. For work hazards that are not to be eliminated or controlled through a redesign initiative, obviously, the appropriate administrative practices would be applied. In so doing, the procedures employed should keep the risks of employee injury or illness or environmental damage at an acceptable minimum. 

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