Other Terms

Other terms that may be used include LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% of population), IC50 (incapacitation concentration for 50% of population), and LD50 (lethal dosage for 50% of population). These terms will be explained when they are used. 

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P the other terms provide corrections which at low or moderate pressure are close to unity. To use Equation (2), we require vapor-pressure data and liquid-density data as a function of temperature. We also require fugacity coefficients, as discussed in Chapter 3. 

The explicit expressions of the other terms in Eq, (27) can be evaluated in terms of hyperspherical coordinates using the results of Appendix C,... 

In other words, for calculating the second-order energy (the vibrational energy), we only have to keep the term to do with the interatomic distance. The other terms, then, will enter the total Schrddinger equation in higher orders. 

This situation, despite the fact that reliability is increasing, is very undesirable. A considerable effort will be needed to revise the shape of the potential functions such that transferability is greatly enhanced and the number of atom types can be reduced. After all, there is only one type of carbon it has mass 12 and charge 6 and that is all that matters. What is obviously most needed is to incorporate essential many-body interactions in a proper way. In all present non-polarisable force fields many-body interactions are incorporated in an average way into pair-additive terms. In general, errors in one term are compensated by parameter adjustments in other terms, and the resulting force field is only valid for a limited range of environments. 

In the earlier versions of the streamline upwinding scheme the modified weight function was only applied to the convection tenns (i.e. first-order derivatives in the hyperbolic equations) while all other terms were weighted in the usual manner. This is called selective or inconsistent upwinding. Selective upwinding can be interpreted as the introduction of an artificial diffusion in addition to the physical diffusion to the weighted residual statement of the differential equation. This improves the stability of the scheme but the accuracy of the solution declines. 

The only requirement is to modify the measure of integration similar to subroutine FLOW. Other terms remain unchanged (see Chapter 4 for derivation of the working equations of the scheme). 

The other term that is very widely used is a Coulombic charge interaction of the form... 

If we assume that there are certain ideal val ues for bond angles bond distances and so on itfol lows that deviations from these ideal values will destabilize a particular structure and increase its po tential energy This increase in potential energy is re ferred to as the strain energy of the structure Other terms for this increase include steric energy and steric strain Arithmetically the total strain energy ( ) of an alkane or cycloalkane can be considered as... 

Other terms that mean the same thing as the index of hydrogen deficiency include elements of unsaturation sites of unsaturation and the sum of double bonds and rings... 

Analytical chemists converse using terminology that conveys specific meaning to other analytical chemists. To discuss and learn analytical chemistry you must first understand its language. You are probably already familiar with some analytical terms, such as "accuracy and "precision, but you may not have placed them in their appropriate analytical context. Other terms, such as "analyte and "matrix, may be less familiar. This chapter introduces many important terms routinely used by analytical chemists. Becoming comfortable with these terms will make the material in the chapters that follow easier to read and understand. 

One of the simplest ways to improve resolution is to adjust the capacity factor for solute B. If all other terms in equation 12.21 remain constant, increasing k improves resolution. As shown in Figure 12.11, however, the effect is greatest when the... 

Other Centrifugal Collectors. Cyclones and modified centrifugal collectors are often used to remove entrained Hquids from a gas stream. Cyclones for this purpose have been described (167—169). The rotary stream dust separator (170,171), a newer dry centrifugal collector with improved collection efficiency on particles down to 1—2 pm, is considered more expensive and hence has been found less attractive than cyclones unless improved collection in the 2—10-pm particle range is a necessity. A number of inertial centrifugal force devices as well as some others termed dynamic collectors have been described in the Hterature (170). 

Fig. 3. The effect of crack growth on potential energy in a loaded body where (a) is a cracked body of arbitrary shape with a load P appHed, and (b) is the change in potential energy in the body owing to incremental crack growth, Sa. Other terms are defined in text.

Fig. 2. Process flow sheet of (a) Sasol One and (b) the Sasol synfuel process for Sasol Two and Three (36). LPG is Hquefied petroleum gas other terms are...

Fig. 4. Construction of recombinant phage in vectors derived from bacteriophage lambda where E represents the enzyme EcoRl. Other terms are defined...

Other Terms and Conditions. The Hcense agreement should always have a specified term and include provisions for termination. Other standard provisions can be included to address such issues as reporting, infringement, indemnity/warranties, governing law, assignment, or notices. 

Other terms relating to physical properties include viscosity refractive index pour point, ie, the lowest temperature at which the oil flows flash point, ie, the temperature at which the oil ignites and aniline point, ie, the minimum temperature at which equal volumes of oil and aniline are completely miscible. These are determined under defined conditions estabHshed by ASTM. 

Fig. 2. Sepaiation in a basket 01 tubulai centrifuge, where X is the initial position. Other terms are defined in the text.

Fig. 1. Synthesis of C-3 side chain analogues of monobactams, where P is an amine protecting group and other terms are defined in text.

DKP = dipotassium phosphate Poly = polyphosphate and SALP = sodium aluminum phosphate. Other terms may be found in the text. 

The clinical performance of a hemodialy2er is usually described in terms of clearance, a term having its roots in renal physiology, which is defined as the rate of solute removal divided by the inlet flow concentration as shown in equation 7, where Cl is clearance in ml,/min and all other terms are as defined previously except that, in deference to convention, flow rates are now expressed in minutes rather than seconds and feed side (/) is now synonymous with blood flow on the luminal side. 

Fig. 18. Separation of ethanol from an ethanol—water—benzene mixture using benzene as the entrainer. (a) Schematic representation of the azeo-column (b) material balance lines where I denotes the homogeneous and the heterogeneous azeotropes D, the end points of the Hquid tie-line and A, the overhead vapor leaving the top of the column. The distillate regions, I, II, and III, and the boundaries are marked. Other terms are defined in text.

Values of Pp and dp are droplet density, g/cm, and droplet diameter, cm Ig is the gas viscosity, P. All other terms were defined previously. Table 14-19 gives values of J calculated from experimental data of Jackson and Calvert. Values of J for most manufactured packing appear to fall in the range from 0.16 to 0.19. The low value of 0.03 for coke may be due to the porosity of the coke itself. 

Some of these compounds could be considered as dietary additives, but various other terms, including pesticides, can also be used. They can have beneficial effects on the environment and this aspect will be discussed later. The ionophore monensin, which is an alicyclic polyether (Figure 1), is a secondary metabolite of Streptomyces and aids the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry. Monensin is used as a growth promoter in cattle and also to decrease methane production, but it is toxic to equine animals. " Its ability to act as an ionophore is dependent on its cyclic chelating effect on metal ions. ° The hormones bovine somatotropin (BST) and porcine somatotropin (PST), both of which are polypeptides, occur naturally in lactating cattle and pigs, respectively, but can also be produced synthetically using recombinant DNA methods and administered to such animals in order to increase milk yields and lean meat production. "... 

Other terms and conditions provisions for payment terms, freight, taxes, packaging and operational difficulties, and insurance... 

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