Inorganic-organic hybrides

Producing aerogel-like materials without supercritical drying at all preparation of inorganic—organic hybrid materials. ... 

Poly(ethylene oxide). The synthesis and subsequent hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxysilane-terniinated macromonomers have been studied (39,40). Using Si-nmr and size-exclusion chromatography (sec) the evolution of the siUcate stmctures on the alkoxysilane-terniinated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) macromonomers of controlled functionahty was observed. Also, the effect of vitrification upon the network cross-link density of the developing inorganic—organic hybrid using percolation and mean-field theory was considered. 

Sol-gel techniques have been widely used to prepare ceramic or glass materials with controlled microstructures. Applications of the sol-gel method in fabrication of high-temperature fuel cells are steadily reported. Modification of electrodes, electrolytes or electrolyte/electrode interface of the fuel cell has been also performed to produce components with improved microstructures. Recently, the sol-gel method has expanded into inorganic-organic hybrid membranes for low-temperature fuel cells. This paper presents an overview concerning current applications of sol-gel techniques in fabrication of fuel cell components. 

For last few years, extensive studies have been carried out on proton conducting inorganic/organic hybrid membranes prepared by sol-gel process for PEMFC operating with either hydrogen or methanol as a fuel [23]. A major motivation for this intense interest on hybrid membranes is high cost, limitation in cell operation temperature, and methanol cross-... 

For many years, research efforts in materials chemistry have focused on the development of new methods for materials synthesis. Traditional areas of interest have included the synthesis of catalytic, electronic, and refractory materials via aqueous methods (sol-gel and impregnation) and high-temperature reactions [1-3]. More recent strategies have focused on the synthesis of materials with tailored properties and structures, including well-defined pores, homogeneously distributed elements, isolated catalytic sites, comphcated stoichiometries, inorganic/organic hybrids, and nanoparticles [4-13]. A feature... 

As a consequence one might expect that the future needs to rely on hybrid elements which arise from advanced UV-and electron-beam lithography, from imprint techniques or automated and parallelized nanomanipulation techniques, like dip-pen lithography or focused ion-beam techniques in combination with supramolecular approaches for the assembly of molecular inorganic/organic hybrid system. Nevertheless, it is evident for any kind of chemical approach that falling back onto the present-day... 

N anomaterials have been around for hundreds of years and are typically defined as particles of size ranging from 1 to 100 nm in at least one dimension. The inorganic nanomaterial catalysts discussed here are manganese oxides and titanium dioxide. Outside the scope of this chapter are polymers, pillared clays, coordination compounds, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials such as metal-organic frameworks. 

Yiu, H.H.P. and Wright P.A. (2005) Enzymes supported on ordered mesoporous solids a special case of an inorganic-organic hybrid. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 15, 3690-3700. 

Tian, D., Blacher, S., Ph Dubois and Jerome, R. (1998) Biodegradable and biocompatible inorganic-organic hybrid materials - 2. Dynamic mechanical properties, structure and morphology. Polymer, 39, 855-864. 

Sharp, K.G. (1998) Inorganic/organic hybrid materials. Advanced Materials, 10, 1243. 

In recent years, silica sol-gel-based inorganic-organic hybrid materials have also been reported. The introduction of various functional groups into organic alkoxide has led to organically modified sol-gel glasses (ormosils). Some of the ormosil monomers and ormosil formations can be found in Fig. 16.3. Redox molecules can be coupled with the ormosil monomer functional group. The immobilized redox molecules can... 

Wang, L. Yoon, M-H. Lu, G. Yang, Yu Facchetti, A. Marks, T. J. 2006. High-performance transparent inorganic-organic hybrid thin-film n-type transistors. Nat. Mater. 5 893-900. 

R. Makote and M. M. Collinson, Template recognition in inorganic-organic hybrid films prepared by the sol-gel process, Chem. Mater., 1998, 10, 2440. 

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