Hybrid materials, organic-inorganic classification

The further classification of adhesives can be made by referring to the namre of the material, organic, inorganic, or hybrid. Thus, organic adhesives are either namral (e.g., starch, gelatin, shellac),... 

In this chapter, supramolecular chemistry related to developments in materials fabrication and functionalization at the mesoscale are discussed, with an emphasis on those systems based on organic-inorganic hybrid structures. The contents of this chapter are classified into (1) supramolecular chemistry within mesoscopic media, (2) supramolecular assembly at the mesoscale, and (3) supramolecular materials at the mesoscale. Despite this classification these topics have considerable similarities. 

It is evident that a completely consistent classification of organic-inorganic mesoporous hybrid materials based on silica is hard to deduce. Before we proceed, some (hopefully) clarifying remarks on this issue will be made. 

Table I Proposed classification of hybrid materials, showing the dimensionality of different structures with respect to both organic connectivity between metal centers (O") and extended inorganic connectivity (I") (see text for explanation)...

Hybrid framework compounds, including both metal-organic coordination polymers and systems that contain extended inorganic connectivity (extended inorganic hybrids), have recently developed into an important new class of solid-state materials. We examine the diversity of this complex class of materials, propose a simple but systematic classification, and explore the chemical and geometrical factors that influence their formation. We also discuss the growing evidence that many hybrid frameworks tend to form under thermodynamic rather than kinetic control when the synthesis is carried out under hydrothermal conditions. Finally, we explore the potential applications of hybrid frameworks in areas such as gas separations and storage,... 

In this review, nanoporous dielectric materials have been presented. The preparation techniques, methods of pore generation, and materials classification were discussed. Inorganic, organic, and hybrid films were also discussed. The nanoporous dielectric films were classified by preparation method, which includes block copolymer, solvent as porogen approach, surfactant templating, and sol-gel approach. This is still a very active field of research because no one film has satisfied all the stringent requirements in semiconductor device processing. 

Despite the bibliographic explosion, few efforts have been done to attempt a classification of this material s forest. Up to eight different material families of conducting polymers have been proposed (Otero 1999, 2013) basic polymers, substituted, self-doped, copolymers, blends with organic macroions, hybrids wifli inorganic macroions, composites, and salts of the different conducting polymers. Each family is constituted by hundreds of different materials, in which only a low percentage (<10 %) have been synthesized at present... 

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