Organic/inorganic hybrid particles

A variety of CRP techniques have been employed to generate organic/inorganic hybrid particles including NMP, ATRP, and RAFT [46-52] but only a very small number of studies deal with organic/inorganic hybrid particles obtained via the use of CRP in aqueous medium. Those are mainly related to modification of silica, metallic oxides, or clays. 

It is impossible to give an overview of every nanoparticle class in one chapter, thus we will limit our discussion to an important and more cohesive field, dendrimer nanocomposites. Dendrimer composite nanoparticles (or Composite Nanodevices - CNDs) are nanosized organic-inorganic hybrid particles made from dendrimer templates that contain small clusters of inorganic nanomaterials of interest entrapped in the network of the macromolecular templates. The resulting composite nanoparticles display the chemical and physical properties both of the inorganic molecules/atoms/clusters and their template. 

Synthesis of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Particles by Nitroxide-Mediated Emulsion Polymerization... 

Various compounds have been prepared by solvothermal reactions metals, metal oxides, chalcogenides, - ° nitrides, - -" phosphides, open-framework structures, - oxometalate clusters, - organic-inorganic hybrid materials, - - and even carbon nanotnbes. - Most of the solvothermal products are nano- or microparticles with well-defined morphologies. The distribution of the particle size of the prodnct is nsnally qnite narrow, and formation of monodispersed particles is freqnently reported. - When the solvent molecules or additives are preferentially adsorbed on (or have a specific interaction with) a certain surface of the products, growth of the surface is prohibited and therefore products with unique morphologies may be formed by the solvothermal reaction. - - Thus nanorods, wires, tnbes, and sheets of various types of products have been obtained solvothermally. 

Lu W, Chen M, Wu L (2008) One-step synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid asymmetric dimer particles via miniemulsion polymerization and functionalization with silver. J CoUoid Interface Sci 328 98-102... 

Scheme 1. Organic-inorganic hybrid route to porous silica particles.

Spherical Particles Nanofiller with three dimensions in the nanometer regime are the spherical nanofillers obtained by sol-gel process [9, 10]. In sol-gel process the organic/inorganic hybrid material can be formed by the condensation reaction between the functionalized prepolymer and the metal alkoxides, leading to the formation of a chemical bond between the polymer and the inorganic filler. Therefore, the incorporation of filler particles in polymer through the sol-gel process avoids the aggregation of filler. 

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