Hybrid materials, organic-inorganic nanocomposite

Sanches, C., Ribot, F. and Lebeau, B. (1999) Molecular design of hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites synthesized via sol-gel chemistry. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 9, 35—44. 

Sanchez, C., Julian, B., Belleville, P. and Popall, M. (2005) Applications of hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 15, 3559-3592. 

Sanchez, C., Lebeau, B., Chaput, F. and Boilot, J.P. (2003) Optical properties of functional hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites. Advanced Materials, 15, 1969-1994. 

As shown, for instance, by the lack of any sol-gel catalyst cited in a recent, thorough review covering tens of industrial applications of sol-gel hybrid materials C. Sanchez, B. Julian, P. Belleville and M. Popall, Applications of hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites, J. Mater. Chem., 2005, 15, 3559. 

Silica hydrolysis-condensation of alkoxysilane-terminated chains of various polymers (PB, poly(propylene)-glycol, poly (ethylene)-glycol) leads to the formation of silica nodules. Hybrid (organic-inorganic) nanocomposite rubbery materials are obtained in this way. These materials have been swollen by various deuterated solvents, in order to probe the order induced in the polymer matrix under stress [80]. 

Layered silicates dispersed as a reinforcing phase in polymer matrix are one of the most important forms of hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites. MMT, hectorite, and saponite are the most commonly used layered silicates. Layered silicates have two types of structure tetrahedral-substituted and octahedral substituted figure 6. In the case of tetrahedrally substituted layered silicates the negative charge is located on the surface of silicate layers, and hence, the polymer matrices can react interact more readily with these than with octahedrally-substituted material. 

L. Zhao, Z. Lin, Crafting Semiconductor Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposites via Placing Conjugated Polymers in Intimate Contact with Nanocrystals for Hybrid Solar Cells. Advanced Materials 2012,24,4353-4368. 

Z. Wang, T.J. Pinnavaiaand, Hybrid organic - inorganic nanocomposites exfoliation of magadiite nanolayers in an elastomeric epoxy polymer. Chemical Materials 10 (1998) 1820-1826. 

Wang, Z., Lan. T. and Pinnavaia,T. (1996), Hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites formed from an epoxy polymer and a layered silicate acid (magadiite). Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 8, pp. 2200-2204. 

In this perspective, inorganic nanocomponents (such as nanoparticles) can be seen as additives to enhance polymer performance and thus they are also termed nanofillers or nano-inclusions . Organic-inorganic nanocomposites can be considered a form of hybrid material, even if the definition of hybrid nanomaterials typically refers to nanocomposites where the organic and the inorganic phases are... 

G6mez-Romero P, Chojak M, Cuentas-Gallegos K, Asensio JA, Kulesza PJ, Casan-Pastor N et al (2003) Hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposite materials for application in solid state electrochemical supercapacitors. Electrochem Common 5 149-153... 

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