Functional groups monomer

In recent years, silica sol-gel-based inorganic-organic hybrid materials have also been reported. The introduction of various functional groups into organic alkoxide has led to organically modified sol-gel glasses (ormosils). Some of the ormosil monomers and ormosil formations can be found in Fig. 16.3. Redox molecules can be coupled with the ormosil monomer functional group. The immobilized redox molecules can... 

Characterization of the donor bound polymers follows from their spectroscopic (ir and uv-vis KBr) properties in comparison with the starting donor monomers, and from elemental analyses. That the donors are covalently bound to the polymer and not present as unreacted monomers can be seen by the absence of the characteristic monomer functional group absorption (i.e. -OH, COzH) in the donor bound polymer. For example in Figure 1, the comparative ir spectra of p-hydroxyphenyl-TTF monomer and this donor covalently bound to linear and to cross-linked polysytrene are given. Except for the presence of the hydroxyl absorption in the monomer, all three spectra are essentially identical, indicating a rather clean polymer attachment reaction. 

Chemical analysis of the unreacted monomer functional groups as a function of time is useful for step polymerizations. For example, polyesterification can be followed accurately by titration of the carboxyl group concentration with standard base or analysis of hydroxyl groups by reaction with acetic anhydride. The rate of chain polymerization of vinyl monomers can be followed by titration of the unreacted double bonds with bromine. 

Heterochain polymers, which may have other atoms (originating in the monomer functional groups) as part of the chain. These polymers are usually prepared by polycondensation or step-reaction polymerisation. 

All intermediate species are reactive, and contribute to the growing polymer Involves simple elimination reaction between monomer functional groups... 

Functional comonomer Hydrophobic monomer Functional group Reference(s)... 

Reaction Monomers/functional groups Linking group Polymer... 

Table 2.1 Common monomer functional groups used to form polyelectrolytes and polyampholyte polymers...

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