Polymerization organic-inorganic hybrid materials

Pyun, J. Xia, J. Matyjaszewski, K. Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials from Polysiloxanes and Polysilsesquioxanes Using Controlled/ Living Radical Polymerization. In Synthesis and Properties of Silicones and Silicone-Modified Materials Clarson, S. J., Fitzgerald, J. J., Owen, M. J., Smith, S. D., Van Dyke, M. E., Eds. ACS Symposium Series 838 American Chemical Society Washington, DC, 2003 pp 273—284. 

Mauritz, K.A., Organic-inorganic hybrid materials perfluorinated ionomers as sol-gel polymerization templates for inorganic alkoxides. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 6, 121, 1998. 

As previously mentioned, one of the primary motivations for the development of site-isolated aminosilicas is to construct a better molecular-level understanding of immobilized catalysts through the use of a more uniformly reactive surface. Within the area of a-olefin polymerizations, another parameter that negatively affects the ability to study well-defined surfaces is the use of methylaluminoxane (MAO) as a catalyst activator. The exact structure of the MAO species has been postulated to exist in a number of different forms, which makes it difficult to elucidate the exact nature of its interactions with the surface [21]. To address this issue, a well-defined sulfonic acid organic/inorganic hybrid material was developed to serve as both a support and a catalyst activator for homogeneous a-olefin polymerization catalysts [22]. 

In the last two decades, RH and the products of its thermal degradation are often used as fillers in paper, paint [5], polymers [42, 43], polymeric composites [44 7], mbber [48-50], cement [51, 52], adhesives, and fertilizers [5]. By the addition of fillers, the mechanical, thermal, chemical, and other properties of the material are improved. Controlled burning of RH in air or inert atmosphere yields two grades of fillers, namely white rice husk ash (WRHA) and black rice husk ash (BRHA). Both these RHA have been used as fillers in polyethylene [53-55], polypropylene [56-61], polystyrene [62, 63], etc. [64, 65]. Tremendous opportunities exist in more exhaustive research on the RHA-polymer composites, which can lead to the futuristic organic-inorganic hybrid materials with specific properties. In this respect, the aim of the present work is to describe the possibility for utilization of RRHs and the products of its thermal degradation as fillers in different polymer plastic composites. 

Pyun, J., and K. Matyjaszewski. 2001. Synthesis of nanocomposite organic/inorganic hybrid materials using controlled/ living radical polymerization. Chemistry of Materials 13(10) 3436-3448. 

Brennan A, Wilkes G.L. Stmctnre-property behaviour of sol-gel derived hybrid materials Effect of a polymeric acid catalyst. Polymer 1991 32(N.4) 733-739 Ceram. Trans. 1995 55 291-298 Choi J., Harcup J., Yee A.F., Zhu Q, Laine R. Organic/inorganic hybrid composites from cubic silsesquioxanes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001 123 11420-11430 Coltrain B.K., Sanchez C., Schaefer D.W., Wilkes G.L. (Eds.), Better Ceramics Through Chemistry VII Organic/inorganic Hybrid Materials. Pittsburgh Materials Research Society, 1996... 

Mauritz K.A. Organic-inorganic hybrid materials Perfluorinated ionomers as sol-gel polymerization templates for inorganic alkoxides. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1998 C6 121-133 Mauritz K.A. Microstructural evolution of a silicon oxide phase in a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer by an in situ sol-gel reaction. 1. Infrared spectroscopic studies. Macromolecules 1989 22 1730-1734... 

Pyim, J. Matyjaszewski, K. (2001). Synthesis of Nanocompwsite Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials using Controlled Living Radical Polymerization. Chemistry Materials, 13, 3436-3448... 

Ma J, Lu M, Cao C, Zhang H (2013) Synthesis and characterization of PMMA/Si02 organic-inorganic hybrid materials via RAFT-mediated miniemulsion polymerization. Polym Comp 34 626-633... 

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