Interleukins immunomodulators

Hofer et al. [74-76] designed and characterized transfersomes with immunomodulators interleukin-2 (IL-2) and INF-a and reported that both molecules retained their biological activity and could be efficiently encapsulated in these vesicles. 

In conclusion, IFNs have proven to be invaluable tools in the fight against chronic viral hepatitis. In these indications, their antiviral properties play a major role and it remains unclear whether their immunomodulatory properties are also important. Disappointing results obtained with purely immunomodulatory molecules, such as interleukins or Toll-like receptor agonists suggest that, if immunomodulation plays any role, potent inhibition of viral replication is also needed. The role of IFNs in the treatment of viral infections other than hepatitis B and C remains elusive. 

The sterols and sterolins in rice bran are potent immunomodulators. The best response was obtained with a 100 1 sterol/sterolin mixture that demonstrated T-cell proliferation from 20% to 920% and active cell antigens after four weeks in human subjects (Bouic et al, 1996). Another in vitro experimental study with sterol/sterolins, demonstrated a significant increase in cytokinines, interleukin-2 and y-interferon between 17% and 41 % in addition to an increase in natural killer cell activity. These experiments (Bouic et al, 1996) prove that sterol/sterolins are potent immunomodulators with important implications for the treatment of immune dysfunction. Rice bran products are excellent dietary supplements for the improvement of immune function. It is probable that the effects of rice bran on diabetes, CVD and cancer all result from improved immune function. 

P10. Philip, R., and Epstein, L. B., Tumour necrosis factor as immunomodulator and mediator of monocyte cytotoxicity induced by itself, gamma-interferon and interleukin-1. Nature 323, 86-89(1986). 

A protein whose degradation pattern is even more difficult to explain is recombinant human interleukin 2 (rhIL-2), a lymphokine produced by T-cells and being developed as an immunomodulator. This protein, which consists... 

Imiquimod (Aldara) is an immunomodulator approved for the treatment of external genital and perianal warts in adults, actinic keratoses on the face and scalp, and biopsy-proven primary basal cell carcinomas on the trunk, neck, and extremities. The mechanism of its action is thought to be related to imiquimod s ability to stimulate peripheral mononuclear cells to release interferon- and to stimulate macrophages to produce interleukins-1, -6, and -8, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-k). 

Interleukin-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokine with beneficial effects expected in a wide range of diseases (1). In healthy volunteers, its adverse effect profile mostly consisted of flu-like symptoms at the highest dose (SEDA-20, 336). First-degree atrioventricular block was noted in a few patients. Due to immunomodulating properties, potential adverse immunological effects, namely an increased risk of infections, autoimmune disorders, or B cell lymphoprolifera-tive disorders, can be anticipated. 

The use of oral immunomodulators (for example interleukin-15 and Kampo medicines) has been suggested in order to reduce irinotecan-related diarrhea however, randomized clinical trials are required, to assess efficacy (42). 

Kusaka, Y., Cullen, R.T. and Donaldson, K. (1990). Immunomodulation in mineral dust exposed lungs stimulatory effect and interleukin-1 release by neutrophils from quartz elicited alveolitis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 80, 293-298. 

A number of other types of drug are under development. These include agents that interfere with leukotriene synthesis (see LIPOXYGENASE inhibitors), interleukin-1 antagonists, monoclonal antibodies linked to cytotoxic drugs etc. See also IMMUNOMODULATORS. 

The interferon beta-la form (Avonex ) is similarly a immunomodulator used by injection in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Interferons derived through recombinant DNA technology are labelled (rbe). interferon beta — interferon p. interferon beta-la interferon p. interferon beta-lb interferon p. interferon P2 interleukin 6. interferon yOFN-y MAF immune interferon interferon gamma [ban, inn] formerly called immune interferon Polyferon ) can be isolated from immunologically stimulated T-lymphocytes (hence its former name), and is an IMMUNOMODULAIOR that can be used to treat arthritis and shows activity as an ANTICANCER AGENT. 

SiZOfiran [inn.jan] (schizophyllan SPG) is a (polysaccharide) antibiotic, isolated from Schizophyllum commune, showing (immunostimulant) immunomodulator activity. It has ANTICANCER activity in a number of systems, including against sarcoma-180 ascites, and also augments anticancer properties of interleukin-2 in mice. 

ANTICANCER AND IMMUNOMODULATING DRUGS OTHER IMMUNOMODULATING DRUGS Interleukin-2 (aldesleukin)... 

Immunomodulation not only relates to a series of physiologic and pathologic phenomena, but also it can be estimated by related reaction cells, such as mast cells, DCs and NK cells, and level of cell factors such as interleukin, interferon, tumor necrosis factor, and transforming growth factor. Based on those facts, the rat mast cell and rabbit aortic assay [105], dendritic cell assay [106], lymphoid organ assay [107], IFN-y assay [108], anti-rHuEPO NAb assay [109], and chemotaxic assay [110] are established. 

The immunomodulating activities of triptolide and its mechanisms of action have been further studied in China. In this line, the effects of 79 on mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), suppressor T cell (Ts) activity, delayed type hypersensitivity (DHT) reaction, interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion activity and Th/Ts ratio were evaluated. 

Interleukin-7 (IL-7, pre-B-cell growth factor) is playing its role not only as immunomodulator but also in the beginning of development. IL-7 in together with IL-8 inhibited the gamete interaction of hamster egg and sperm (Lambert et al. 1992). The role of... 

Germanium compounds act as immunomodulators by affecting a variety of immune system components. This effect of germanium can be induced by reduced antibody production, increased interleukin 1 and depressed interleukin 2 and 3 production, increased interferon and spleen cell activity [6]. 

Monoclonal antibody therapy rituximab, alemtuzumab Non-specific immunotherapies and adjuvants BCG, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-a Immunomodulating drugs thalidomide and lenalidomide Cancer vaccines vaccine for advanced prostate cancer Side effects Flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, nausea, and loss of appetite, allergic reactions, fatigue decrease in blood pressure Work better for some types of cancer than for others... 

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