Spleen cells

Expression (Mouse) Tissues lungs, Cells myeloid leukocytes, neutrophils, T-cells, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils Tissues lung, skin, small intestine Cells macrophages, fibroblasts, leukocytes Tissues lung, skin, brain, small intestine, spleen Cells macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, leukocytes... 

Duggan WJ, Casale GP, Cohen SD. 1984. Paraoxon (PX) induced suppression of the in vitro response of murine spleen cells to sheep red blood cells (SRC) [Abstract]. Toxicologist 4 159. 

H. Umezawa hoped to obtain immunostimulants from microbes, because, in cancer patients, the immune response is lowered. In 1972, H. Umezawa, T. Takeuchi, and M. Ishizuka (now Vice-Director of the Institute for Chemotherapy, a branch of IMC) found that the administration in mice of a small dose of diketocoriolin B, an oxidation derivative of the antitumor antibiotic coriolin B (1971), increases the number of mouse-spleen cells... 

The cell fusion mixture is transferred to a culture medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine (HAT medium). Unflised myeloma cells are unable to grow as they lack HGPRT. Unflised normal spleen cells can grow but their proliferahon is limited and they eventually die out. The hybridoma cell can proliferate in the HAT medium as the normal spleen cell supplies the enzyme which enables the hybridoma to utilize extracellular hypoxanthine. 

Astaxanthin has been shown to enhance in vitro antibody production by mouse spleen cells stimulated with sheep red blood cells and in human blood cells in vitro. Furthermore, it has not exhibited any mutagenicity in an in vitro study at doses up to 14.4 mg/day for 2 weeks. 

Table 1 Fluorocytographic analysis of GR-2IIc- or LPS-proliferated spleen cells in vitro...

Forster R, Mattis AE, Kremmer E, Wolf E, Brem G, Lipp M. A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen. Cell 1996 87 1037-1047. 

Recently, it has been shown that inhalation of MWNTs caused suppression of the systemic immunity without resulting in significant lung inflammation or tissue damage [82,83]. Inhaled MWNTs in fact modified the functionality of spleen cells in exposed mice [82]. Notably, the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes in spleen was affected as a response to a cytokine (TGF(5) released from the lungs. This cytokine activated the COX pathway in the spleen, triggering T-cell dysfunction and systemic immunosuppression [83]. 

As might be expected from the results of the IL-10 / mouse study, ES-62 is able to induce production of IL-10 in naive BALB/c spleen cells (Harnett et al, 1999a). Although we have not investigated whether this is due to the PC component of the molecule, this would be predicted from the work of Hoerauf and colleagues, who showed that PC causes release of this cytokine from B1 cells (Palanivel et al, 1996 AlQaoud et al, 1998). However, we have also found, as mentioned earlier, that ES-62 promotes the release from naive spleen cells of IL-12 and, in addition, IFN-y -... 

It has already been noted that the phenotype of an acquired immune response is considered to reflect the early cytokine environment in which naive CD4+ T cells interact with antigen. Again, it has been suggested, for example, that early exposure to IL-4 can push an immune response in a Th-2 direction (Swain et al., 1990). We therefore investigated (by ELISA) whether ES-62 was able spontaneously to induce IL-4 secretion in naive murine spleen cells (48 h exposure). Ironically, given that the molecule induces a Th-2 antibody response and seems to be able to induce the release of a number of other cytokines, IL-4 was not detected (Harnett et al., 1999a). It was noted, however, that IL-4 was produced by spleen cells from mice that had been pre-exposed to ES-62. This established Th-2 phenotype is consistent with the antibody data. 

Oeltmann, T.N., and Forbes, J.T. (1981) Inhibition of mouse spleen cell function by diphtheria toxin fragment A coupled to anti-mouse Thy-1.2 and by ricin A chain coupled to anti-mouse IgM. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 209, 362. 

Johnson, K.W., N.E. Kaminski, and A.E. Munson. 1987. Direct suppression of cultured spleen cell responses by chlordane and the basis for differential effects on in vivo and in vitro immunocompetence. Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 22 497-515. 

Selected Markers for Immunophenotyping Peripheral Blood, Spleen Cells, Lymph Nodes, or Bone Marrow... 

FIGURE 7.5 7,8-BPQ increases intracellular Ca2+ in murine spleen cells (A) and in both B and T cells (B). Single cell suspensions were prepared from murine spleens. Splenocytes were loaded with Fluo-3/AM dye for one hour and then treated with 7,8-BPQ, 1,6-BPQ, 3,6-BPQ, or DMSO (control). Surface-marker-defined T cells and B cells were treated with 7,8-BPQ or DMSO. Following treatment, the immediate intracellular Ca2+ response was continuously monitored for 15 minutes. Results are shown as the change in Mean Channel Fluorescence SEM. The numbers shown in this figure were the averages of triplicate determinants. Adapted from Gao et al., 2005. 

FIGURE 7.7 (See color insert) Adoptively transferred D011.10 transgenicT cells can be identified by expression of CD4+ and KJ-126 in spleen cell suspension from Balb/c mice after ovalbumin (OVA) immunization. Balb/c mice were injected iv with D011.10 spleen cells containing 3-5 x 1 06CD4+KJ-126+ cells and immunized by intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg OVA emulsified in complete Freund s adjuvant 2 days later. OVA immunization increases the frequency of KJ+T cells and alters the expression of various surface molecules consistent with T cell (Tc) activation. 

Fecho, K. and Lysle, D.T., Heroin-induced alterations in leukocyte numbers and apoptosis in the rat spleen, Cell. Immunol., 202, 113, 2000. 

Yoshida, T., Shimamura, T., and Shigeta, S., Immunological Effects of Arsenic Compounds on Mouse Spleen Cells In Vitro, Tokai J. Exp. Clin. Med, 11, 353, 1986. 

Pregnant mice exposed to benzene from gestation day 12.5 to 19.5 resulted in the reduction of fetal liver pre-B and B cells. Responsiveness to the B cell mitogen LPS was decreased in spleen cell cultures. The results indicate that in utero exposure to benzene alters fetal lymphopoiesis that may be responsible for compromised immune responsiveness postnatally.104... 

Diphenylhydantoin, which has been demonstrated to cause autoimmune phenomena in man (SLE, vasculitis and scleroderma and skin) has also been tested (via drinking water for 6 months) in genetically predisposed mice (C57BL/6-lpr/lpr strain) but the compound depressed rather than increased the levels of ANA (55 and section 4.1, below). In another study [56], a slight shift towards a Th2 response was demonstrated as an increase in the KLH-induced production of IL-4 and IgE (IgE was detected by direct ELISA, which makes these data suspect) in a 4 weeks exposure study. In this same study, proliferative responses of splenocytes to KLH (using spleen cells of KLH-sen-sitized mice), mitogens (ConA, LPS) or anti-CD3 were also reduced, possibly through interference with accessory cell function. 

Kubicka-Muranyi, M. et al., Mercuric-chloride-induced autoimmunity in mice involves up-regulated presentation by spleen cells of altered and unaltered nucleolar self antigen. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 108, 1, 1995. 

FIGURE 7.7 Adoptively transferred DO11.10 transgenic T cells can be identified by expression of CD4+ and KJ-126 in spleen cell suspension from Balb/c mice after ovalbumin (OVA) immunization. For description, see page 112. 

Interleukin-3 (IL-3), a glycoprotein lympokine from T cells, stimulates the growth of murine mast cells, neutrophils, and macrophages from haemopoietic progenitor cells [71,153]. Thus, cultures of murine bone marrow or spleen cells supplemented with IL-3 have been shown to generate cells that have many of the characteristics of mucosal mast cells [71, 153]. The release of IL-3 in vivo... 

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