T cell growth factors

Uyttenhove, C., Simpson, R.J. and van Snick, J. (1988) Functional and structural characterisation of P40, a mouse glycoprotein with T cell growth factor activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 85, 6934—6938. 

IL-2, also known as T-cell growth factor, represents the most studied member of the interleukin family. It was the first T-cell growth factor to be identified and it plays a central role in the immune response. It is produced exclusively by T-lymphocytes (especially T-helper cells), in response to activation by antigen and mitogens. 

Lymphocyte-activating factor enhances activation of T and B cells, NK cells, and macrophages T-cell growth factor stimulates T-cell growth and effector differentiation stimulates B-cell proliferation/differentiation Mast-cell growth factor stimulates... 

Primary isolation of HIV is accomplished by cocultivation of patient PBMCs with uninfected donor PBMCs that have been stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and treated with the T cell growth factor interleukin-2. Fresh PHA-stimulated donor PBMCs are added to the culture at weekly intervals growth of virus can be detected in 7-32 days depending on the titer of the virus in the inoculum. 

IL-2 is possibly the most-studied interleukin. It is also called T cell growth factor. IL-2 is a ISkDa glycoprotein produced by CD4+ T helper cells. It has 133 amino acids. There are four helical regions and a short )3-sheet section (Fig. 4.7). 

Keratinocytes are also important cellular sources of cytokines such as the T-cell growth factor IL-15 in the skin. IL-15 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of different skin diseases by virtue of its action on the maintenance of T cells - possibly also intraepithelial T cells. 

Several proteins that stimulate subsets of lymphocytes involved in various aspects of the immune response are now produced by recombinant DNA techniques. The pharmacology of these lymphokines as potential anticancer agents is being investigated. Interleukin (IL) 2, originally described as a T-cell growth factor, induces the production of cytotoxic lymphocytes (lymphokine-activated killer cells, or LAK cells). IL-2 produces remissions in 10 to 20% of patients with melanoma or renal cell carcinoma when infused at high doses either alone or with lymphocytes that were previously harvested from the patient and incubated with IL-2 in vitro. 

An indirect consequence of antibody formation against a therapeutic protein is inhibition of endogenous protein and its functions. For example, if antibody to inter-leukin-2, a T-cell growth factor, is elicited... 

B cell growth factor T cell growth factor II mast cell growth factor II IL-4... 

Interleukin-2 (recombinant human) [NAM SY] T-cell growth factor [NAM SY]... 

Interleukin-2 (T-cell growth factor Fig. 30-6A) is secreted by some activated T-lymphocytes. This 133-residue largely helical protein is involved in generation of cytotoxic T-cells, stimulation of interferon release, and of release of a B-cell growth factor.269 Considerable excitement has accompanied the possibility of activating lymphocytes with IL-2 produced from cloned genes in bacteria to increase their ability to kill cancer cells. However, IL-2 is toxic, and this is limiting its use. See also Chapter 31, Section C. 

Smith, KA, Gilbride KJ, Favata MF. 1980. Lymphocyte activating factor promotes T-cell growth factor production by cloned murine lymphoma cells. Nature. 287 853-855. 

Interleukin 2 (T-cell growth factor) is produced along with IFN-y by activated T-lymphocytes and stimulates growth and differentiation of B-lymphocytes and macrophages Interleukin 3 is multi CSF... 

FitzGerald DJ, Waldmann TA, Willingham MC, Pastan I. Pseudomonas exotoxin-anti-TAC. cell-specific immunotoxin active against cells expressing the human T cell growth factor receptor. J Clin Invest 1984 74 966-71. 

G7. Gillis, S., Kozak, R., Durante, M., and Weksler, M. E. Immunological studies of aging Decreased production of, and response to, T cell growth factor by lymphocytes from aged humans. J. Clin. Invest. 67, 937-942 (1981). 

Giri, J. G., Anderson, D. M., Kumaki, S., Park, L. S., Grabstein, K. H., and Cosman, D. (1995). IL-15, a novel T cell growth factor that shares activities and receptor components with IL-2./. Leukoc. Biol. 57, 763-766. 

Recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2, previously known as T-cell growth factor) was expressed in E. coli (7). During the purification process of rIL-2 by reversed-phase HPLC, another higher molecular weight form of this protein was also isolated, known as HMW rIL-2 (8). The purification process of HMW rIL-2 involved two chromatography steps and utilized a Bakerbond Carboxy-Sulfon (CS) column. Approximately 2 nmol each of rIL-2 and HMW rIL-2 were immobilized using ProSpin cartridges for C-terminal sequence analysis. 

IL-9 T cells Growth factor for some T cell clones Supports erythroid colony formation with erythropoietin Enhances IL-3-lnduced growth of bone marrow-derived mast cells in mouse, not human... 

IL-2 T cell growth factor (GF) Th cells Th cells stimulates proliferation and release of lymphokines (especially Thi cells) B cells proliferation and differentiation NK cells activates... 

IL-15 T-cell growth factor T cells T cells stimulates growth NK cells stimulates growth epithelial cells stimulates growth... 

Originally known as a T-cell growth factor, IL-2 is now clearly connected with a variety of cellular actions on T and B lymphocytes, NK cells (Box 22-4), macrophages, monocytes, oligodendrocytes, and fibroblasts. 

IL-4 has been formerly known as B-ceU difterentiating factor (BCDF), B-cell growth factor I (BCGF-I), B-cell stimulating factor I (BSF-I), MCGF-II, and T-cell growth factor II (TCGF-II). 

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