Toll-like receptor agonists

Coffman RL, et al (2007) Therapentic targeting of innate immunity with Toll-like receptor agonists and antagonists. Nat med 13(5) 552-559... 

In conclusion, IFNs have proven to be invaluable tools in the fight against chronic viral hepatitis. In these indications, their antiviral properties play a major role and it remains unclear whether their immunomodulatory properties are also important. Disappointing results obtained with purely immunomodulatory molecules, such as interleukins or Toll-like receptor agonists suggest that, if immunomodulation plays any role, potent inhibition of viral replication is also needed. The role of IFNs in the treatment of viral infections other than hepatitis B and C remains elusive. 

Black M, Trent A, Tirrell M et al (2010) Advances in the design and delivery of peptide subunit vaccines with a focus on toll-like receptor agonists. Expert Rev Vaccines 9 157-173... 

AVE-7279 Oligonucleotide Toll-like receptor agonist Asthma... 

Ragweed Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonist Vaccine for Immunotherapy... 

Creticos PS, Schroeder JT, Hamilton RG, Balcer-Whaley SL, et al. 2006. Immunotherapy with a ragweed-toll like receptor 9 agonist vaccine for allergic rhinitis. NEJM. 355 1445-1455. 

Ishizaka, S.T., Hawkins, L.D. E6020 a synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 agonist as a vaccine adjuvant. Exp Rev Vaccines 6 (2007) 773-784. 

D. A., Lacy, M.J., Baldridge, J.R., Probst, P., Ulevitch, R.J., Persing, D.H., Hershberg, R.M. Structure-activity relationship of synthetic toll-like receptor 4 agonists. J Biol Chem 279 (2004) 4440-4449. 

Lotz M, Ebert S, Esselmann H, Iliev AI, Prinz M, Wiazewicz N, Wiltfang J, Gerber J, Nau R (2005) Amyloid beta pepdde 1 0 enhances die acdon of Toll-like receptor-2 and -4 agonists but antagonizes Toll-like receptor-9-induced inflammadon in primary mouse microglial cell cultures. J Neurochem 94 289—298. 

Agrawal S, Kandimalla ER. Antisense and siRNA as agonists of Toll-like receptors. Nat Biotechnol. 2004 22 1533-7. 

To evaluate the immunopotency of toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists in the in vitro PTE module, TLR-induced cytokine can be measured. TLR agonists often induce higher levels of cytokines in the PTE module than in conventional PBMC cultures and may be considered more sensitive. For example, Poly I C and CpG 2006 both induced proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 a/b in the PTE module, but neither of these were observed in PBMC cultures. Poly I C also triggered the... 

Hammerbeck DM, Burleson GR, Schuller CJ, Vasilakos JP,Tomai M, Egging E, Cochran FR, Woulfe S, Miller RL. Administration of a dual toll-like receptor 7 and tolllike receptor 8 agonist protects against influenza in rats. Antiviral Res 2007 73 1-11. 

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