Peripheral mononuclear cells

Fleming, R.A., Milano, G., Thyss, A., et al. (1992) Correlation between dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in peripheral mononuclear cells and systemic clearance of fluorouracU in cancer patients. Cancer Res. 52, 2899-2902. 

Inada, Y., K. Watanabe, M. Kamiyama, T. Kanemitsu, W. S. Clark, and M. Lange. In vitro immunomodulatory effects of traditional kampo medicine (Sho-Saiko-To SST) on peripheral mononuclear cells in patients with AIDS. Biomed Pharmacother 1990 44(1) 17-19. 

Imiquimod (Aldara) is an immunomodulator approved for the treatment of external genital and perianal warts in adults, actinic keratoses on the face and scalp, and biopsy-proven primary basal cell carcinomas on the trunk, neck, and extremities. The mechanism of its action is thought to be related to imiquimod s ability to stimulate peripheral mononuclear cells to release interferon- and to stimulate macrophages to produce interleukins-1, -6, and -8, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-k). 

In the ongoing Phase I clinical trials, the effects of NPI-0052 on proteasome activities in both packed whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells are being monitored. In approximately 80 patients treated to date with NPI-0052, a dose-dependent inhibition of the whole blood 20V proteasome activity is observed, with increasing inhibition upon multiple administrations and partial recovery between consecutive doses (Figure 12.4). Nicely paralleling the pre-clinical studies, a more pronounced recovery of 20V proteasome CT-L activity is observed between consecutive NPI-0052 administrations in the peripheral mononuclear cell population of patients compared to packed whole blood. 

To obtain an adequate number of peripheral mononuclear cells, use a minimum of 20 mL of whole blood. 

Peripheral mononuclear cells do not have dihydropyrimidinase, the second step in conversion of 5-FU to fluoro-P-alanine. Three peaks are not always seen, depending on the HPLC column and conditions. 

Rojas, M., Alexandrov, K., Auburtin, G., Wastiaux-Denamur, A., Mayer, L., Mahieu, B., Sebastien, R, and Bartsch, H. (1995). Anti-benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide—DNA adduct levels in peripheral mononuclear cells from coke oven workers and flie enhancing effect of smoking. Carcinogenesis 16, 1373-1376. 

T. wilfordii has been used as a traditional medicine in China for many centuries. The plant has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and spondylitis [92]. It has been reported that there is a strong relationship between the production of interleukin - 1 (IL-1) by the synovium and the degree of inflammation of the arthricular synovial membrane in rheumatoid artritis [93-95]. Regeol A (76), B (3) and C (77) [27], isolated from T. wilfordii var. regelii showed moderate to low inhibitory activity for IL-1 a and IL-lp release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human peripheral mononuclear cells compared to prednisolone as a reference compound. 

N. Kohno (2001). Induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 by docetaxel in peripheral mononuclear cells and its expression in lung cancer. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 48, 42 6. 

A case report was published on a patient who suffered nevirapine-induced hepatitis and had peripheral mononuclear cells that were activated by nevirapine (Drummond et al. 2006). In addition, a poster by Keane et al. (2007) reported patients which a history of nevirapine hypersensitivity reactions whose peripheral mononuclear cells responded to nevirapine with the production of IFN-y. This is consistent with the pharmacological interaction (p-i) hypothesis (Pichler... 

PARP activation has not yet been direcdy demonstrated in samples from arthritic patients. Nevertheless, in a human study analyzing DNA single strand breakage in peripheral mononuclear cells from arthritic patients, a significant elevation was found, when compared to normal volunteers. Studies conducted about a decade ago in humans reported increased frequency of circulating antibodies against PARP, chiefly in patients sufferit from systemic lupus... 

Peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from heparinized blood by standard gradient centrifugation (B yum, 1968). T-enriched cell fractions were obtained by resetting PBMC with 2-aminoethylisotbiouronium bromide-treated sheep red blood cells (Madsen and Jobnsen, 1979). Cell suspensions were adjusted to a concentration of 5 x 10 cells/ml and sonicated at 23 kc/sec. 

Table 1. Levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) and T cells from typhoid fever patients. Mean standard deviation is reported.

In U-937 leukemia cells and mice harboring xenografts of this cell line, the proapoptotic effects of quercetin resulted in both the increased expression of the proapoptotic factor Bax and the inhibition of anti-apoptotic Mcl-l [291]. Quercetin causes apoptosis in both transformed and primary leukemia cells but not in normal blood peripheral mononuclear cells at concentrations up to 50 mM [292]. Further, quercetin has been shown to be a potent enhancer of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma cells [293, 294]. 

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