T-cell factor

Stein U, Arlt F, Walther W et al (2006) The metastasis-associated gene S100A4 is a novel target of p-catenin/ T-cell factor signaling in colon cancer. Gastroenterology 131 1486-1500... 

Deoxycholic acid has also been demonstrated to activate other pivotal oncogenic pathways in CRC cells in vitro including p-catenin/T-cell factor-mediated transcription, extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase activation downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor and Jun-N-terminal kinase... 

In line with expression of A3 adenosine receptors in cells and tissues like mast cells, spleen and thymus putative binding sites for a number of transcription factors relevant for protein expression in inflammation and infection were identified in the promoter region of the A3 receptor gene (Atkinson et al. 1997 Zhao et al. 1999). These include activator protein 1 (AP-1) which regulates gene expression in response to viral and bacterial infections or to stimulation by cytokines. Additional binding sites for transcription factors with specificity for immune cells are for the T cell-specific T cell factor F-2-a (TcF-2-a) and for the B cell-specific E2aECB. 

Tomatore C, Nath A, Amemiya K, Major EO (1991) Persistent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infecdon in human fetal glial cells reaedvated by T-cell factor(s) or by the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta. J Virol 65 6094—6100. 

T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor). TCF/LEF in turn binds and activates the ABCBl promoter [137]. 

Fig. IB Structural organization of the T-cell factor proteins (Tcfs). The DNA-binding HMG box and p-catenin/Armadillo binding domains are highly conserved between family members. Lef-1 contains a unique context-dependent activation domain (CAD), which is required for Lef-1-mediated TCRa enhancer activity. The greatest sequence diversity is present within the C termini, which are often generated via alternative splicing. (Ch, chicken X, Xenopus d, Drosophila).

Shao J, Jung C, Liu C, Sheng H. Prostaglandin E2 Stimulates the beta-catenin/T cell factor-dependent transcription in colon cancer. J Biol Chem. 280 (2005) 26565-26572. 

Gomppi S, Charuttini C, Ruaro ME, Vamum B, Schneider C. Gas6 induces growth, f-catenin stabihzation, and T-cell factor transcriptional activation in contact-inhibited C57 mammary cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2011 21 902-15. 

In fact, however, it must be pointed out that as yet the precise cellular locus of action of the antigen-specific T cell factor of Taussig and colleagues has not been defined and must be considered to be open at the moment. The fact that the latter factor works with bone marrow cells does not mean that its effect is directly on B cells since bone marrow is known to contain variable numbers of T cells and T cell precursors. Thus, the effect of the factor could be to facilitate maturation of precursor T cells to functional helper cells which would in turn cooperate with B cells. Moreover, it is possible that if the factor does indeed work directly on B cells, that this may be peculiar to immature B cells of bone marrow and not as much so in the case of more mature peripheral B lymphocytes. Further analysis is required to distinguish between these possibilities. 

Thus, two functionally distinct types of antigen-specific T cell factors have been described, one exerting suppressor and the other helper activity. Although manifesting distinct functional properties, however, these two factors appear to be remarkably similar in terms of their physicochemical and immunochemical properties. In the following section, we will describe a non-specific T cell factor which has been studied more extensively and which shares many of the above-mentioned properties in common with the antigen-specific factors. 

Rabbit immunoglobulin IgG Investigation of the reversible binding of T-cell factor on immobilized immunoglobulins 75... 

Williams, J.L., Nath, N., Chen, J., Hundley, T.R., Gao, J., Kopelovich, L., Kashfi, K., and Rigas, B. (2003). Growth inhibition of human colon cancer cells by nitric oxide (no)-donating aspirin is associated with cyclooxygena.se-2 induction and beta-catenin/t-cell factor signahng, nuclear factor-kappab, and no synthase 2 inhibition Implications for chemoprevention. Cancer Res. 63, 7613-7618. 

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