Hypochlorite sodium hypochlorite

SODIUM HYDROXIDE SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SODIUM METABISULFITE SODIUM METHOXIDE... 

Chlorine is used to make laundry bleach, such as Clorox, by dissolving chlorine in sodium hydroxide to give a weak solution of sodium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite slowly releases an active form of oxygen, which reacts with many forms of soil and dirt to destroy them by oxidation. Sodium hypochlorite also rapidly destroys bacteria, viruses, and molds. 

Hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite, [CAS 7681-52-9], NaOCl, commonly in solution by (1) electrolysis of sodium chloride solution under proper conditions. (2) reaction of calcium hypochlorite suspension in water and sodium carbonate solution, and then filtering. Used (1) as a bleaching agent fa textiles and paper pulp. (2) as a disinfectant, especially fa water. (3) as an oxidizing reagent. 

This test is performed to determine the amount of cyanide in the sample that would react with chlorine. Not all cyanides in a sample are amenable to chlorination. While HCN, alkali metal cyanides, and CN- of some complex cyanides react with chlorine, cyanide in certain complexes that are tightly bound to the metal ions are not decomposed by chlorine. Calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, and chloramine are some of the common chlorinating agents that may be used as a source of chlorine. The chlorination reaction is performed at a pH between 11 and 12. Under such an alkaline condition, cyanide reacts with chlorine to form cyanogen chloride, a gas at room temperature, which escapes out. Cyanide amenable to chlorination is therefore calculated as the total cyanide content initially in the sample minus the total cyanide left in the sample after chlorine treatment. 

Hthium hypochlorite sodium hypochlorite 1 Cl LiOCl NaOCl granules solution 35 10-15... 

Hypochlorites Sodium hypochlorite (bleaching solution) is utilized for the bleaching and decolorization of pulp and textiles, for disinfection, e.g. in swimming baths, and for the manufacture of hydrazine (Section 1.4.2). 

Chlorine Calcium hypochlorite Sodium hypochlorite Ozone Chlorine dioxide Potassium permanganate Hydrogen peroxide Oxidants (also disinfectants)... 

HypohaUte solution (.see also Sodium hypobromite, sodium hypochlorite). Sodium hypochlorite solution can be prepared by passing chlorine into dilute alkali with ice cooling. Calcium hypochlorite is available commercially as a stable, water-soluble solid (trade names HTH, Perchloron). Suppliers Harshaw, McKesson... 

See hypochlorite solution calcium hypochlorite sodium hypochlorite. 

Synonyms cas 7790-92-3 hypochlorite solution calcium hypochlorite sodium hypochlorite... 

In a process used from 1937 to 1984, a solution of 10-15% hypochlorous acid, which contains very little chloride, is mixed with a slurry of hydrated lime at pH 10.0-10.5 to form a 15-20% solution of calcium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite may be added to convert calcium chloride to calcium hypochlorite. The solution is spray dried, and the resulting solid is granulated and vacuum dried. Figure 24.7 depicts a current process, which uses salt-free 45-50% hypochlorous acid to make a slurry of hydrated calcium hypochlorite that is spray dried to make calcium hypochlorite with up to 82% available chlorine. The product may also be agglomerated. ... 

Hypochlorous acid (s. a. Hypo-halites) 16,231 19,197 Hypohalites (s. a. Alkyl hypo-halites, Potassium hypo-bromite, — hypochlorite, Sodium hypochlorite, — hypoiodite) 17, 352 Hypophosphite s. Sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite Hypophosphoric acid esters... 

The common chemical methods for extraction of PHB are solvent extraction, chemical digestion using sodium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite and chloroform, surfactants, surfactant hypochlorite digestion, surfactant chelate digestion, chelate hydrogen peroxide treatment, selective dissolution of nonpolymer cell mass by proton etc. 

Sodium Acid Sulfite Sodium Bisulfite Sodium Hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite... 

For polyethylene, a specific verification of chemical resistance has to be provided in case of exposure to critical exposure media, such as chlorine water, potassium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid. For polypropylene, this additional verification has to be provided for exposure to chlorine water [7],... 

Protective equipment consists of air masks, gloves, boots, aprons, and splash shields. The gloves are made of butyl or neoprene. Chemicals used to decontaminate diluted hydrazine in water are calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide. Strong hydrazine can be burned as a disposal method. 

It is prepared by the action of sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite on phthalimide (Hofmann reaction). When heated with soda lime it gives aniline. 

The reactions involved are similar in both cases, and closely parallel to those which give rise to chloroform. The sodium hypochlorite probably first oxidises the potassium iodide to potassium hypoiodite, which then oxidises the ethanol to acetaldehyde and then iodinates the latter to tri-iodo ... 

IODOFORM FROM ACETONE. (Semi-micro Scale.) Required Acetone, 0 5 ml. 10% potassium iodide solution, 20 ml. 10% sodium hydroxide solution, 8 ml. zM sodium hypochlorite solution, 20 ml. 

Place 0 5 ml. of acetone, 20 ml. of 10% aqueous potassium iodide solution and 8 ml. of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in a 50 ml. conical flask, and then add 20 ml. of a freshly prepared molar solution of sodium hypochlorite. Well mix the contents of the flask, when the yellow iodoform will begin to separate almost immediately allow the mixture to stand at room temperature for 10 minutes, and then filter at the pump, wash with cold w ater, and drain thoroughly. Yield of Crude material, 1 4 g. Recrystallise the crude iodoform from methylated spirit. For this purpose, place the crude material in a 50 ml. round-bottomed flask fitted with a reflux water-condenser, add a small quantity of methylated spirit, and heat to boiling on a water-bath then add more methylated spirit cautiously down the condenser until all the iodoform has dissolved. Filter the hot solution through a fluted filter-paper directly into a small beaker or conical flask, and then cool in ice-water. The iodoform rapidly crystallises. Filter at the pump, drain thoroughly and dry. 

Dichloramine-T. Dilute 80 ml, of freshly prepared 2N sodium hypochlorite soluticMi (preparation, p. 525) with 80 ml. of w ter, and then add with stirring 5 g. of finely powdered toluene-p-sulphonamide, a clear solution being rapidly obtained. Cool in ice-water, and then add about 50 ml. of a mixture of equal volumes of glacial acetic acid and water slowly with stirring until precipitation is complete the dichloro-amide separates at first as a fine emulsion, which rapidly forms brittle colourless crystals. Filter off the latter at the pump, wash well with... 

Iodoform reaction. To i ml. of the aldehyde solution, add 3 ml. of 10% KI solution and 10 ml. of freshly prepared sodium hypochlorite solution. Yellow crystals of iodoform, CHI3, soon separate. 

Acetone (R = CHj) when treated with sodium hypochlorite or bleaching powder solution yields chloroform, probably in accordance with the following mechanism ... 

The commercial 10-14 per cent, sodium hypochlorite solution should be diluted with an equal volume of water. 

By treatment of an amide with sodium hypobromite or sodium hypochlorite solution (or with the halogen and alkali), the amine of one less carbon atom is produced, the net result being the elimination of the carbonyl group. An example is ... 

Anthranilic acid. This substance, the ortho amino derivative of benzoic acid, may be conveniently prepared by the action of sodium hypobromite (or sodium hypochlorite) solution upon phthalimide in alkaline solution at 80°. The ring in phthalimide is opened by hydrolysis to phthalamidic acid and the latter undergoes the Hofmann reaction (compare Section 111,116) ... 

The reactivity of the amino radical has not yet been investigated. Alkaline hypochlorite oxidation, known in the pyridine series to yield azo derivatives (155,156). and photolysis of N,N-dichloro derivatives, which may be obtained by action of sodium hypochlorite on amino derivatives in acidic medium (157). should provide interesting insight on this reactivitv. 

Ketones are oxidized by potassium permanganate or by sodium hypochlorite (91) in aqueous solution to the corresponding acids. For example, oxidation of 5-acetylthiazole with aqueous KMnO at 70°C gives 5-thia-zolecarboxylic acid. 

Oxalic acid Furfuryl alcohol, silver, mercury, sodium chlorate, sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite... 

Hoffman Degradation. Polyacrylamide reacts with alkaline sodium hypochlorite [7681-52-9], NaOCl, or calcium hypochlorite [7778-54-3], Ca(OCl)2, to form a polymer with primary amine groups (58). Optimum conditions for the reaction include a slight molar excess of sodium hypochlorite, a large excess of sodium hydroxide, and low temperature (59). Cross-linking sometimes occurs if the polymer concentration is high. High temperatures can result in chain scission. 

---