Sodium hypochlorite, stain removal

Preparation for Dyeing. A hot alkaline scour with a synthetic surfactant and with 1% soda ash or caustic soda is used to remove size, lubricants, and oils. Sodium hypochlorite is sometimes included in the alkaline scouring bath when bleaching is requked. After bleaching, the polyester fabric is given a bisulfite rinse and, when requked, a further scouring in a formulated oxahc acid bath to remove mst stains and mill dkt which is resistant to alkaline scouring. 

HTH-15 [Olin]. TM for an all-purpose germicide, disinfectant, and stain remover. Contains 15% of available chlorine and yields sodium hypochlorite solutions directly when added to water. 

Bleach Sodium hypochlorite Perborate 0.5-2 Stain removal, soil removal, disinfectant... 

Most bleach cleaners, however, are simple, water-thin solutions. The most common formulations are a simple combination of hypochlorite bleach, sodium hydroxide (to achieve a pH of 10 to 12), amine oxide surfactant, and a low quantity of perfume. However, despite their simplicity, these types of products are very effective stain removers and disinfectants. 

Before the family leaves the house to go to the holiday picnic, the kids are sent oflF to brush their teeth and change into clean clothes. Their toothpaste contains sodium fluoride, a common cavity-fighting ionic compound. The white shirts in their red, white, and blue outfits were bleached with the ionic compound sodium hypochlorite, the stains on their red pants were removed by potassium oxalate, and dyes were fixed to their blue hats by aluminum nitrate. 

A common application of redox chemistry is to remove tarnish from metal objects. Other oxidizing agents and reducing agents are useful in everyday life. For example, when you add chlorine bleach to your laundry to whiten clothes, you are using an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), an oxidizing agent. It oxidizes dyes, stains, and other materials that discolor clothes. Table 19.1 summarizes the different ways to describe oxidation-reduction reactions. 

This chapter reviews the production of sodium, potassium, calcium, and lithium salts of hypochlorite as well as a crystalline complex of hydrated trisodium orthophosphate and sodium hypochlorite known as chlorinated trisodium phosphate. These inorganic hypochlorite salts are used in detergent and cleaning products to kill all types of pathogens, decolorize stains, and break down and remove many kinds of soil. They are also widely used for water and wastewater disinfection and a variety of industrial uses. 

Bleaches Help whiten, brighten, and remove stains Sodium perborate Sodium percarbonate Sodium hypochlorite Diperoxydodecanedoid acid salts ... 

To better meet consumer expectations, sodium hypochlorite bleach is now increasingly incorporated in true cleaning preparations. These hybrid products not only decolorize stains but also remove dirt from surfaces. From a packaging standpoint, commercial bleach products are being, more and more, specifically adapted to the end-use application, with the launch of botfles fitted with an oriented nozzle and, more recently, spray devices. 

Sodium hypochlorite, bleach, has been a staple ingredient of cleaning products for well over a hundred years. The extensive use of bleach is due to its ability to decolorize stains, oxidize some soils thereby promoting their removal, and provide antibacterial activity against a wide variety of microorganisms. Alone,... 

In solution, NaOCl dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and hypochlorite ions (OC1). Bleaching involves an oxidation-reduction reaction in which the Cl in the OC1 ion (oxidizing agent) is reduced to the chloride ion (Cl ). The reducing agent is either a dye, which fades, or the stain being removed. 

---