Verification specifications

By producing separate verification specifications that define which features and characteristics of the product or service are to be verified and the means by which such verification is to be carried out... 

The standard does not require you to use statistical techniques but identify the need for them. Within your procedures you will therefore need a means of determining when statistical techniques will be needed to determine product characteristics and process capability. One way of doing this is to use checklists when preparing customer specifications, design specifications, and verification specifications and procedures. These checklists need to prompt the user to state whether the product characteristics or process capability will be determined using statistical techniques and if so which techniques are to be used. 

Table I shows how the waterfall chart phases can utilize various conventional software V V methods. Unfortunately many people (Weaver 1989 Miksell 1989) believe that verification specifically belongs in the true testing phase only. In reality, the most efficient use of verification is throughout the software cycle and particularly during the requirements analysis.

Tidal level, flow rate verification specific verification sees (Chen, 2012). The model results in conformity with the provisions of the Ministry of transport Technical code for simulation of tidal current and sediment of Estuary and coast . 

The verification specification shall select and specify the methods to be used for the verification, and shall include... 

The high C/H ratio for heavy fuels and their high levels of contaminants such as sulfur, water, and sediment, tend to reduce their NHV which can reach as low as 40,000 kJ/kg by comparison to the 42,500 kJ/kg for a conventional home-heating oil. This characteristic is not found in the specifications, but it is a main factor in price negotiations for fuels in terms of cost per ton. Therefore it is subject to frequent verification. 

Seed Regeneration. The objectives of the seed regeneration program were to provide experimental verification of the feasibiUty of one of the seed regeneration processes which have been selected for first commercial use. The specific process under evaluation was the Econoseed process (Fig. 11) (61). A 5 MW POC facihty was in operation in Capistrano, California, and produced over 6 t of potassium formate seed, which was regenerated from spent seed, ie, K SO, obtained from CFFF tests. 

Construction and equipment meet the design specifications. Obtaining field verification or performing document review for the new or modified process can validate design specifications for construction and equipment. If a change is not physical (such as a setpoint for an interlock shutdown), the method for the change and its anticipated effects should be reviewed. 

Verification techniques which verify and evaluate the quality of solutions in relation to the specification q. 

The determination of the first bending critical speed is well established however, there is also concern with regard to the rotor support system s sensitivity to exciting forces. These come from unbalance and/or gas dynamic forces arising during operation in service. Operation with dirty corrosive gas will soon cause rotor unbalance. The rotor dynamics verification test is concerned with synchronous excitaticm, namely unbalance. The test must also verify that the separation margins are to specification. 

After a satisfactory verification film is produced, an assembly may be fabricated specifically for destructive inspection to validate that the verification film was accurate. This correlation allows the use of verification film rather than more expensive destructive inspection for future changes such as duplicate tool fabrication and tool or detail modification. Simple assemblies are usually not destructively inspected because of high confidence that the verification film is entirely representative of the expected bondlines. Complex or large parts may not be destructively inspected because of the cost of the details and assembly time. In these cases other means of validating the verification film are used. Meticulous pre-bond detail and post-bond assembly thickness measurements may be sufficient to prove bondline thickness control. Ultrasonic inspection and X-ray photography (discussed previously) may be sufficient to prove that details are in the correct places and bonds are good. 

By producing defining specifications that prescribe requirements for products or services and also the means by which these requirements are to be verified in-house in terms of the inspections, tests, analyses, audits, reviews, evaluations, and other means of verification... 

By producing a quality plan or a verification plan that identifies the verification stages from product conception to delivery and further as appropriate, and refers to other documents that define the specific requirements at each stage... 

Acceptance criteria are the requirements which, if met, will deem the product acceptable. Every requirement should be stated in such a way that it can be verified. Characteristics should be specified in measurable terms with tolerances or min/max limits. These limits should be such that will ensure that all production versions will perform to the product specification and that such limits are well within the limits to which the design has been tested (see also Part 2 Chapter 2 under Identifying verification requirements). Where there are common standards for certain features, these may be contained in a standards manual. Where this method is used it is still necessary to reference the standards in the particular specifications to ensure that the producers are always given full instructions. Some organizations omit common standards from their specifications. This makes it difficult to specify different standards or to subcontract the manufacture of the product without handing over proprietary information. 

The standard creates a distinction between design verification and design validation. There are two types of verification those verification activities performed during design and on the component parts to verify conformance to specification and those verification activities performed on the completed design to verify performance but more on this later. 

The design verification plan should be constructed so that every design requirement is verified and the simplest way of confirming this is to produce a verification matrix of requirement against verification methods. You need to cover all the requirements, those that can be verified by test, by inspection, by analysis, by simulation or demonstration, or simply by validation of product records. For those requirements to be verified by test, a test specification will need to be produced. The test specification should specify which characteristics are to be measured in terms of parameters and limits and the conditions under which they are to be measured. 

Do provide a means of tracing the results of verification activities to the characteristics specified in the product specification. 

The product specification should provide all necessary processing requirements that need to be implemented when carrying out particular processes however, some of the requirements may need to be defined in separate process specifications which are invoked by reference. You may need to develop your own process specifications, but there are many national standards that may suit your needs and they come with the added benefit that they have been proven to work. The quality plan or procedures should not contain any further product requirements but may provide the verification methods to be employed, the precautions to be observed and the recording requirements to be met. You need to identify in your production plans each of these documents at the stage at which they should be applied, otherwise there is the possibility that they may be overlooked. 

The control plans should make provision for any specific controls required by the customer and these must be implemented. Evidence is required to show that all the controls specified in the control plan have been implemented and a way of doing this is to make provision for recording verification of conformity against the relevant requirement in the control plan. 

The standard provides a choice as to whether you define the inspections and tests required in a quality plan or in documented procedures. You may of course need to do both. As the quality system is often designed to accommodate all products and services you supply, it may not specify inspections and tests which are needed for particular products. This is one of the roles of the quality plan. Within such a plan you should identify the verification stages during product development, production, installation, and servicing as applicable. These stages will vary depending on the product, so your quality plan will be product, contract, or project specific (see Part 2 Chapter 2). There may... 

To accomplish this, you need to specify either in the quality plan or the documented procedures, the inspections and tests you intend to carry out to verify that the product meets specified requirements. In Part 2 Chapter 4 there is a description of a Design Verification Plan and this includes a specification of the tests and inspections to be performed on each production item as a means of ensuring that the qualified design standard is being maintained. This requires that you produce something like an Acceptance Test Plan which contains, as appropriate, some or all of the following ... 

Your inspection and test records or verification records should be of two forms one which indicates what inspections and tests have been carried out and the other which indicates the results of such inspections and test. They may be merged into one record but when parameters need to be recorded it is often cleaner to separate the progress record from the technical record. Your procedures, quality plan, or product specifications should also indicate what measurements have to be recorded. 

You are only required to indicate whether product conforms to the inspections and tests performed. This is not the same as indicating whether the product conforms to the customer requirements. It may well pass the prescribed inspections and tests but these inspections and tests may not be sufficiently comprehensive to verify conformance to all the customer s requirements. However, the only indication you can give is the product s conformance or nonconformance with some verification requirement. It follows therefore that you should not go around putting reject labels on products, or acceptance labels for that matter, if you have not performed a specific inspection to determine conformance. There are only three conditions uninspected , inspected and found conforming , and inspected and found nonconforming . If you have a policy of only applying labels after inspection, anything without a label is therefore deemed uninspected, unless it has been installed and the label removed. 

If a quality record was intended to be any document generated or used by the quality system, the definition would surely have indicated this. If we decompose the definition further, requirements for quality are defined in ISO 8402 as the expression of the needs or their translation into a set of quantitatively stated requirements for the characteristics of an entity to enable its realization and examination. Clearly, such a requirement would be a contract, product specification, design requirement, etc. This implies that any product verification records are quality records, but it rules out any recorded information as being a quality record. 

Any activity which affects the determination of product or service features and characteristics, their specification, achievement, or verification, or means to plan organize, control, assure, or improve them. 

This element addresses the quality (adherence to ESH/PSM standards and specifications) of purchased materials and equipment, in-process inspections, and final product verification. Methodologies, frequencies, and sample size or scope of inspections are all expected to be specified. 

Tests carried out on protection systems comprise factory tests, on-site commissioning tests and maintenance checks. Those made on individual relays will demonstrate the compliance of the equipment with specification and the verification of its operation under simulated conditions, while tests carried out on-site prior to the equipment being put into service ensure that the full protection scheme and associated equipment operate correctly. These on-site tests must be comprehensive and should include ... 

The extraction of water at room temperature as a procedure for the calibration of the Fischer method requires further verification, because the reagent is not specific for water. It would be desirable to compare this calibration procedure with another. In general, agreement in the results of two or more independent calibration procedures might be used as a criterion of the attainment of accuracy. 

---