Potassium hypochlorites

Prepare a solution containing about 100 g, of potassium hypochlorite from commercial calcium hypochlorite ( H.T.H. ) as detailed under -Dimethylacrylic Acid, Section 111,142, Note 1, and place it in a 1500 ml. three-necked flask provided with a thermometer, a mechanical stirrer and a reflux condenser. Warm the solution to 55° and add through the condenser 85 g, of p-acetonaphthalene (methyl p-naphthyl ketone) (1). Stir the mixture vigorously and, after the exothermic reaction commences, maintain the temperature at 60-70° by frequent cooling in an ice bath until the temperature no longer tends to rise (ca. 30 minutes). Stir the mixture for a further 30 minutes, and destroy the excess of hypochlorite completely by adding a solution of 25 g. of sodium bisulphite in 100 ml. of water make sure that no hypochlorite remains by testing the solution with acidified potassium iodide solution. Cool the solution, transfer the reaction mixture to a 2-litre beaker and cautiously acidify with 100 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Filter the crude acid at the pump. 

The best known oxoanion of iron is the ferrate(VI) prepared by oxidizing a suspension of hydrous iron(III) oxide in concentrated alkah with potassium hypochlorite or by anodic oxidation of iron in concentrated alkah. Crystals of potassium ferrate [13718-66-6], K FeO, are deep purple, orthorhombic, and contain discrete tetrahedral [FeOJ anions. Barium ferrate [13773-23A] can be precipitated from solutions of soluble ferrate salts. 

The only known stable soHd neutral hypochlorites are those of lithium, calcium, strontium [14674-76-17, and barium [13477-10-6]. Calcium also forms two stable basic hypochlorites (calcium hydroxide hypochlorites) Ca(OCl)2 0.5Ca(OH)2 [62974-42-9] and Ca(OCl)2 2Ca(OH)2 [12394-14-8], Sodium hypochlorite [7681-52-9] does not have good stabiHty. Potassium hypochlorite [7778-66-7] exists only in solution. Attempts to isolate the soHd have... 

Such a solution contains approximately 200 g. (2.3 moles) of potassium hypochlorite. Sodium or potassium hypochlorite may be used, but the calcium salt is not satisfactory because the calcium salt of /3-naphthoic acid is sparingly soluble. 

Chlor-jod, n. iodine chloride, specif, iodine monochloride, -kali, n. chloride of potash (potassium hypochlorite) potassium chloride. -kalilOsung, /. Pharm.) solution of chlorinated potassa, Javelle water, -kalium, n. potassium chloride. 

The method given in these directions 6 may be modified by using potassium hypochlorite 7 or chromic acid 8 as the oxidizing agent. 

In the flask are placed 200 cc. of dioxane, 100 g. (1.02 moles) of mesityl oxide, and a solution of 4.6 moles of potassium hypochlorite in 3 1. of water (Note 1), and the stirrer is started. The mixture becomes warm immediately, and within five minutes chloroform begins to reflux. When the reaction becomes very vigorous the stirrer is stopped and the flask is cooled with running water (Note 2). The stirring is resumed as soon as feasible and is continued for three or four hours, when the temperature of the mixture will have dropped to that of the room. Sodium bisulfite (about 5 g.) is then added to react with the excess hypochlorite (Note 3). 

Expression (c) is incorrect because KCIO is potassium hypochlorite, but the stated product is potassium chloride, KC1. Expression (a) and (b) are incorrect because 0(g) is not normally produced in chemical reactions 02 (g) is more thermodynamically stable... 

Magnesium chloride Unknown s s Potassium hypochlorite Solution s s... 

In some small-scale preparations of this type in the checkers laboratory, commercial household bleach (Chlorox , 5.25% NaOCl) has been used and the course of the reaction has been followed by thin layer chromatography. The yields appear to be somewhat lower than those obtained with sodium hypochlorite prepared as described above. The obvious attractive alternative, preparation of potassium hypochlorite as described elsewhere in this series, apparently has not been tried. 

In 1834, A. J. Balard prepd solutions of various hypochlorites by mixing aq hypochlorous acid with alkalies, magnesium, copper oxide, zinc oxide etc, avoiding an excess of acid J. L. Gay-Lussac dissolved two mols of chlorine monoxide, C120, in a solution containing 1 mol of K20 and then evaporated the resulting solution in vacuo. This gave solid potassium hypochlorite... 

Cone. soln. of sodium hypochlorite with up to 42 per cent, of available chlorine have been made under the trade name chloros, by passing chlorine into a soln. of caustic soda of such a strength that the sodium chloride which is formed separates out. The temp, is kept below 27°. The crystals of sodium chloride are removed, and more chlorine is introduced, but the sodium hydroxide is always kept in excess or the soln. will be unstable. A. J. Balard prepared potassium, sodium, and lithium hypochlorites by neutralizing a well-cooled soln. of the base with the acid. E. Soubeiian evaporated in vacuo the liquid obtained by treating a soln. of calcium hypochlorite with sodium carbonate, and obtained, before the liquid had all evaporated, crystals of sodium chloride and of sodium hypochlorite. P. Mayer and R. Schindler obtained solid potassium hypochlorite mixed with potassium hydrocarbonate by the action of chlorine—developed from 10 parts of sodium chloride—on a soln. of 24 parts of potassium hydrocarbonate and one of water. 

It will be observed that potassium hypochlorite is the first product of the action of chlorine upon potassium hydroxide, and the hypochlorite is successively converted into the chlorate or perchlorate, before it is finally all transformed into the chloride. The hypochlorite, chlorate, and perchlorate thus represent intermediate stages in the reaction 4K0H+2C12... 

Methyl 3-methoxy-596 7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthoate—To 300 ml of potassium hypochlorite solution [12] (ca. 0 46 mole of hypochlorite) at 11° was added, with stirring, 2 0 g (0 0098 mole) of 3-methoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 2 acetonaphthone in 60 ml of methanol. The mixture was stirred for 5 hours at 11-30°. Filtration separated 0 92 g of yellow... 

Another process for improving the bromination efficiency in rubber bromination processes is to conduct the reaction in the presence of elemental bromine and an aqueous solution of an organic azo compound such as 2,2 -azobisisobutyronitrile and sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, or magnesium hypochlorite (42,43). 

Potassium tert. butoxide, 920, 921 Potassium -butyl xanthate, 499 Potassium ethyl xanthate, 496,499 Potassium hypochlorite solution, 461 Potassium iodide - iodine reagent, 1069 Prileschajew epoxidation reaction, 893J, 894... 

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