Bromination with sodium hypochlorite

Bromination with sodium hypochlorite/sodium bromide s. 18,344... 

Determination of sulphite by oxidation to sulphate and precipitation as barium sulphate Discussion. Sulphites may be readily converted into sulphates by boiling with excess of bromine water, sodium hypochlorite, sodium hypobromite, or ammoniacal hydrogen peroxide (equal volumes of 20-volume hydrogen peroxide and 1 1 ammonia solution). The excess of the reagent is decomposed by boiling, the solution acidified with hydrochloric acid, precipitated with barium chloride solution, and the barium sulphate collected and weighed in the usual manner (Section 11.72). 

However, the cyclization of pyridine with hypobromite in methanol was not accompanied by bromination of IP-2-ones. In contrast, the reaction of 6-oxy-2-amino-nicotinamide with sodium hypochlorite provided 6-chloro-IP-2,4-dione (57AP20). 

Arsine is shipped as a liquefied compressed gas in steel cylinders under its own vapor pressure of 219.7 psia (1515 kPa, abs). Arsine is slightly soluble in both water and organic solvents. It reacts readily with agents such as potassium permanganate, bromine, and sodium hypochlorite to form arsenic compounds. Arsine is stable at room temperature, but begins to decompose into its elements around 446 F to 464°F (230T to 240°C). 

Chlorine and Bromine Oxidizing Compounds. The organo chlorine compounds shown in Table 6 share chemistry with inorganic compounds, such as chlorine/77< 2-3 (9-j5y and sodium hypochlorite/7 )< /-j5 2-5 7. The fundamental action of chlorine compounds involves hydrolysis to hypochlorous acid (see Cm ORiNE oxygen acids and salts). 

Iodoxybenzene has been prepared by the disproportionation of iodosobenzene,4Hi by oxidation of iodosobenzene with hypo-chlorous add or bleaching powder,7 and by oxidation of iodobenzene with hypochlorous acid or with sodium hydroxide and bromine.8 Other oxidizing agents used with iodobenzene include air,3 chlorine in pyridine,9 Caro s acid,19-11 concentrated chloric acid,15 and peracetic acid solution.13 Hypochlorite oxidation of iodobenzene dichloride has also been employed.14... 

Electrophilic addition to 9-vinylcarbazole occurs in the Markovnikov sense, thus hydrogen chloride,hydrogen bromide,chlorine, and bromine in carbon tetrachloride, and iodine chloride in pyridine are recorded as adding with initial electrophilic attack at the methylene. Mercuric acetate in methanol gave 9-(2-acetoxymercuri-l-methoxyethyl)carbazole. Although 9-vinylcarbazole gave an iodohydrin, comparable reaction with methanolic sodium hypochlorite led to 9-(2-chlorovinyl)carbazole. Catalytic reduction of the latter produced 9-(2-chloroethyl)carbazole. Tri-phenyltin hydride gave 96. ... 

Other Important Considerations with Membranes Oxidizers such as sodium hypochlorite (i.e., CIO2), bromine, iodine, and ozone, which are typically used in the disinfection of wastewater, are not well tolerated by thin-hlm membranes. Such disinfectants can thus influence the efficacy of membranes in removing contaminants such as PPCPs. Furthermore, membranes can become fouled by microorganisms that can metabolize the membrane material. Thus, microbial counts of >100 cells/mL can be problematic. Likewise, dead-cell debris can also cause fouling. Membranes can also be fouled by heavy metals such as chromium. Thus, if heavy metals are deemed a problem, they should be precipitated from the wastewater prior to the filtration with membranes. 

The traditional method of oxidizing hydrazine derivatives makes use of halogens or hypohalites as oxidizing agents. The techniques range from the preparation of l,l -azobis(l-cyclohexanenitrile) by the addition of bromine to an alcoholic hydrochloric acid solution of the corresponding hydrazine [89], through the use of bromine water [90, 91] to oxidations with sodium hypo-bromite [64] or sodium hypochlorite [92]. 

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