Sodium hypochlorite Subject

The abatement of chlorine vents and the subsequent destruction of the resulting sodium hypochlorite has been the subject of many studies. There are a variety of approaches to the waste hypochlorite destruction including chemical dosing, homogeneous and slurry catalysis as well as fixed-bed catalysis. For the most part these processes treat the hypochlorite at its natural strength the stoichiometric equivalent strength of the caustic soda fed to the scrubber. 

The destruction of the resulting sodium hypochlorite has been the subject of many studies. There are a variety of approaches to waste hypochlorite destruction. 

The stepwise formation of epoxides through the reaction of alkenes with sodium hypochlorite with, or without, the isolation of the intermediate chlorohydrin has been subjected to catalysis with (V-benzylquininium chloride under liquiddiquid two-... 

For the purpose to shorten the time needed to decrease separation to a certain level, membranes were subjected to contact with aqueous solution of high concentration at elevated temperature. Here is reported the results obtained only with sodium hypochlorite as a solute which is widely added to R.O. feed as bactericide and of which effect on the membranes is not well understood. Only allowable concentration is said about 2 mg/1 as sodium hypochlorite or 1 mg/1 as chlorine. 

No internalization of E. coli 0157 H7 in spinach plants when subjected to physical or biological damage 2000 ppm sodium hypochlorite Hora et al. (2005)... 

The sesquiterpene skeleton has also been assembled by the intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition sequence. Oxime 238 (obtained from epoxy silyl ether 237), on treatment with sodium hypochlorite gave isoxazoline 239, which was sequentially hydrolyzed and then subjected to the reductive hydrolysis conditions-cyclization sequence to give the furan derivative 240 (330) (Scheme 6.93). In three additional steps, compound 240 was converted to 241. This structure contains the C11-C21 segment of the furanoterpene ent-242, that could be obtained after several more steps (330). 

This was demonstrated by Fukumoto and co-workers in a synthesis of (+)-albicanol (251), a sesquiterpene with potent hsh antifeedant properties (272,273). Oxime 248 [prepared from the (+)-Wieland-Miescher ketone 247] was subjected to cycloaddition using sodium hypochlorite and gave isoxazoline 249 in very good yield (Scheme 6.95). Conversion of 249 into (3-hydroxyketone 250 was again accomplished by the reductive hydrolysis sequence using Raney Ni and trimethyl... 

Oxidative decarboxylation.1 Sodium hypochlorite is known to effect oxidative decarboxylation of a-hydroxy carboxylic acids to form ketones and C02, but a hydroxyl group is not essential since trisubstituted acetic acids are also subject to this oxidation. Thus triphenylacetic acid is oxidized by NaOCl to triphenylmethanol and benzophenone. In the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, the rate is enhanced... 

But, in contrast to what was expected, the paper which had been subjected for some time to the action of ozone emitted more light under the action of sodium hypochlorite than paper which had not been exposed to ozone. Figure 2 shows this... 

This ring is produced by subjecting a 2-hydroxy-oxime to either sodium hypochlorite or LTA [3355]. 

Earlier investigators reported vesication after CS patch testing.4 They also mixed CS with sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) and found that in all subjects tested, the product caused a reaction that was much more severe than that produced by CS alone. For that reason, hypochlorite is not recommended for decontamination of CS on skin. (A hypochlorite is successfully used as a decontaminant for most other chemical agents.)... 

The new polyurethanes were subjected to tests to assay their stability to hydrolytic and oxidative conditions. This involved immersing 1 mm thick dumbbell-shaped specimens separately in water, 2 M HCl, 5 M NaOH, 25% hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hypochlorite solution (4% available Clj) for 24 h at 100 °C. Dumbbells of the polyurethanes were also subjected to water at 120 C for 24 h. The decrease in fail stress relative to the untreated material was used to judge stability. 

Ellul [27] subjected EPDM/polypropylene and natural rubber/polypropylene blends to various halogenation treatments, namely fluorine/carbon dioxide, sodium hypochlorite/ acetic acid and bromine water. With the natural rubber blend, there was a substantial uptake of fluorine, chlorine and bromine in the surface regions as indicated by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and with all three pre-treatments the adhesion to an acrylic tape was greatly enhanced. In contrast, with the EPDM blend, fluorine was the only reagent which reacted with the rubbers and only this treatment resulted in a significant increase in adhesion to the acrylic tape. The above results can be explained in terms of the different concentrations of carbon-carbon double bonds in the two blends. Substantial incorporation of chlorine and bromine could occur with the natural rubber-polypropylene blend but not with the EPDM blend. However, fluorine gas will react readily with saturated hydrocarbons [28,29] and therefore the incorporation of fluorine into the EPDM blend is not surprising. 

Sodium hypochlorite solution is stored on the turbine building adjacent to the eooling water system, to a total quantity of up to 12 tonnes. Sodium hypochlorite is not subject to COMAH regulation, but is a potential pollutant of the aqueous environment (Environmental Report, Tables 2.9.4 and 2.9.5, reference 14.4). 

The treated core was then subjected to a large bank of brine and the pressure increased threefold during the subsequent 150 feet (2000 PV) of polymer injection. The treatment with hexylammonium ion must have been removed partially from the core during the brine flush. Next, the hexylammonium ions, bonded on the rock surface of the treated" core, were completely removed by a 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution and another large bank of fresh brine. Consequently, the pressure increased sixfold at 250 ft (3300 PV) of polymer injection, as shown in Figure 10. After complete removal of the organic cation treatment from the core, the polymer plugging of the treated core was very similar to that of the untreated cores. 

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