Bleach solutions

Titanium metal is especially utilised ia environments of wet chlorine gas and bleaching solutions, ie, in the chlor—alkaH industry and the pulp and paper industries, where titanium is used as anodes for chlorine production, chlorine—caustic scmbbers, pulp washers, and CI2, CIO2, and HCIO storage and piping equipment (see Alkali and cm ORiNE products Paper Pulp). 

Even very small amounts of transition-metal ions like cobalt, nickel, and copper cause rapid decomposition. They form reactive intermediates that can decrease the stabiUty of oxidizable compounds in the bleach solution and increase the damage to substrates. Hypochlorite is also decomposed by uv light (24,25). Acidic solutions also lose available chlorine by the reverse of equations 1 and 2. 

M Practical Guide to Chlorine Bleach Making, Technical and Engineering Seivice Bulletin 72-19, AUied Chem. Coip., Moiristown, N.J., 1974 Soda Bleach Solutions, Diamond Alkah Co., 1952. 

In fastness to peroxide bleaching, ISO 10S-N02, the specimen is immersed ia a standard bleaching solution containing hydrogen peroxide (or sodium peroxide for viscose) where the composition of the bleaching Hquor is dependent on the fibers used ia the test specimen as are the pH and time of exposure (1—2 h). The objective of the test is to assess the colorfastness usiag typical bulk bleaching conditions for the fiber under test. 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water None Reactivity with Common Materials No hazardous reaction Stability During Transport Not pertinent Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Liquid bleach solution for decontamination Polymerization Not pertinent Inhibitor of Polymerization Not pertinent. 

Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as normally shipped) Liquid Color Green-yellow Odor Like bleach solution. 

To a solution of m-ethyl cinnamate (44, 352 mg, 85% pure, 1.70 mmol) and 4-phenylpyridine-A-oxide (85.5 mg, 29 mol%) in 1,2-dichloromethane (4.0 mL) was added catalyst 12 (38.0 mg, 3.5 mol%). The resulting brown solution was cooled to 4°C and then combined with 4.0 mL (8.9 mmol) of pre-cooled bleach solution. The two-phase mixture was stirred for 12 h at 4°C. The reaction mixture was diluted with methyl-t-butyl ether (40 mL) and the organic phase separated, washed with water (2 x 40 mL), brine (40 mL), and then dried over Na2S04. The drying agent was removed by filtration the mother liquors concentrated under reduce pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, pet ether/ether = 87 13 v/v) to afford a fraction enriched in cis-epoxide (45, cis/trans . 96 4, 215 mg) and a fraction enriched in trans-epoxide cis/trans 13 87, 54 mg). The combined yield of pure epoxides was 83%. ee of the cis-epoxide was determined to be 92% and the trans-epoxide to be 65%. 

The household bleach solution is more alkaline, since it has it has a higher pH. 

The amount of sodium hypochlorite in a bleach solution can be determined by using a given volume of bleach to oxidize excess iodide ion to iodine CIO- is reduced to Cl-. The amount of iodine produced by the redox reaction is determined by titration with sodium thiosulfate, Na2S203 I2 is reduced to I-. The sodium thiosulfate is oxidized to sodium tetrathionate, Na2S406. In this analysis, potassium iodide was added in excess to 5.00 ml of bleach d = 1.00 g/cm3). If 25.00 mL of 0.0700 MNa2S203 was required to reduce all the iodine produced by the bleach back to iodide, what is the mass percent of NaCIO in the bleach ... 

For example, the common use of sodium hypochlorite solution, NaOCl, as a bleaching solution depends upon the oxidizing action of hypochlorite, OC1-. Iodate ion, IO, also furnishes a strong oxidizing power, as shown by E° for the half-reaction I2-IO ... 

Sodium hypochlorite, NaCIO, is the active ingredient in many bleaches. Calculate the ratio of the concentrations of CIO and HCIO in a bleach solution having a pH adjusted to 6.50 by the use of strong acid or strong base. 

Note Instead of chlorine gas treatment the chromatograms can be exposed to bromine vapor [8] or sprayed with bleach solution. In the case of phthalimide derivatives the chromatograms are heated for 1 h at 180 °C before chlorine treatment [9]. The colored... 

In theory, the interruption of NoV transmission after fomite contamination is straightforward the affected objects must be disinfected. In practice, disinfection can become a complex problem. The school described above had implemented a rigorous cleaning protocol with an appropriate bleach solution but failed to consider the computer mice and keyboards for disinfection (CDC, 2008). Vomiting events are particularly difficult to clean, as the contaminated area can be large, and infectious aerosols are postulated to persist in the environment (Evans et ah, 2002 Marks et ah, 2003). 

A bleach solution was being prepared by mixing solid sodium chlorite, oxalic acid, and water, in that order. As soon as water was added, chlorine dioxide was evolved and later exploded. The lower explosive limit of the latter is 10%, and the mixture is photo- and heat-sensitive [1]. It was calculated that the heat of reaction (1.88 kJ/g of dry mixture) would heat the expected products to an adiabatic temperature approaching 1500°C with an 18-fold increase in pressure in a closed vessel [2],... 

Animals can be decontaminated with shampoo/soap and water, or a 0.5% household bleach solution (see Section 1.5). If the animals eyes have been exposed to agent, they should be irrigated with water or saline solution for a minimum of 30 minutes. 

Alternatively, a household bleach solution can be used instead of soap and water. The bleach solution should be no more than one part household bleach in nine parts water (i.e., 0.5% sodium hypochlorite) to avoid damaging the skin. Avoid any contact with sensitive areas such as the eyes. Rinse with copious amounts of water. 

Vesicants that have entered the body are metabolized, hydrolyzed, or bound to tissue and pose little threat of off-gassing. To remove agents on the outside of the body, wash the remains with a 2% sodium hypochlorite bleach solution (i.e., 2 gallons of water for... 

Most toxins are readily destroyed by high pH (i.e., basic solutions), especially when used in combination with a strong oxidizing agent. For this reason, undiluted household bleach is an excellent agent for decontamination of these agents. Ensure that the bleach solution remains in contact with the toxin for a minimum of 10 minutes. 

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