Foods vitamin-rich

In 1921 came confirmation of a sort in validating Osborne and Mendel s claim that 10-16 cc of milk were needed per day by the rat. Dutcher reported that 10 cc of milk obtained from cows on vitamine-rich rations usually sufficed in furnishing sufficient A and B for normal growth, while larger quantities of milk produced on vitamine-poor rations were very deficient in both food accessories. However, water-soluble B did not fluctuate to any great extent since most dairy animals received some grain. (53)... 

In foods vitamin B2 occurs free or combined both as FAD and FMN and complexed with proteins. Riboflavin is widely distributed in foodstnffs, but there are very few rich sources. Only yeast and liver contain more than 2mg/100g. Other good sources are milk, the white of eggs, fish roe, kidney, and leafy vegetables. Since riboflavin is continuously excreted in the urine, deficiency is qnite common when dietary intake is insufficient. The symptoms of deficiency are cracked and red lips, inflammation of the lining of the month and tongue, mouth ulcers, cracks at the comer of the mouth, and sore throat. Overdose of oral intake present low toxicity, probably explained by the limited capacity of the intestinal absorption mechanism [417]. 

It is essential for a successful assay that the vitamins be quantitatively extracted from the food matrix in a form that can be accurately measured by the particular HPLC technique to be used. An effective extraction procedure serves to homogenize and concentrate the sample, isolate the vitamin analyte from its association with protein, eliminate as far as possible known interfering substances, and destroy any indigenous enzyme activity. The vitamin-rich fraction thus obtained may require some form of cleanup before the vitamins can be measured, particularly when measuring the trace amounts of naturally occurring vitamins D and K. 

Another name for vitamin A is retinol, and its chemical structure contains a molecule with many unsaturated C=C bonds and also a CH2OH alcohol group. It is a fat-soluble vitamin. Large doses of vitamin A have been linked to some birth defects so many pregnant women are advised to avoid food supplements rich in vitamin A. 

Water soluble vitamins (Bi, B2, Be, B12, C, folacin, biotin, niacin, pantothenate) generally wash out of foods easily, and also wash out of the body relatively easily, (hence, are less easily stored in the body—an exception is vitamin B12 which is stored excellently, particularly in the liver). One may thus become depleted relatively quickly of most water soluble vitamins. Fortunately, so many foods are rich in them. Toxicity reactions, on the other hand, are more likely with fat-soluble vitamins, as they are so well-stored and are not eliminated easily from the body. 

Epidemiological studies in the Mediterranean region evidenced that a diet rich in grain, legumes, fruits and vegetables, wine and olive oil has beneficial effects on human health. In fact, these foods are rich in antioxidant vitamins, flavonoids and polyphenols that play an important role in prevention against cancer and coronary heart disease. 

None of these interactions is very well documented, and their clinical relevance is unclear. Note that vitamin K in food commonly interacts with warfarin, and these interactions are discussed in Coumarins and related drugs + Foods Vitamin Kj-rich , p.409. See also cranberry juice , (p.398), enteral and parenteral nutrition , (below), grapefruit juice , (p.411), mango , (p.408) and soya bean products , (p.408). 

Coumarins and related drugs + Foods Vitamin KI-rich... 

Honey is far from being a vitamin-rich food. 

What is the role of vitamin C in the body What are the results of vitamin C deficiency What kinds of foods are rich in vitamin C ... 

The claim that pangamic acid is a B vitamin is based primarily on its presence in B-vitamin rich foods and on the broad spectrum of physiological functions attributed to it. However, it is not known whether man or other animals have the capacity to synthesize pangamic acid, and no specific disease can be attributed exclusively to a deficiency of the substance. Thus, the designation of pangamic acid as a vitamin is not accepted by most U.S. scientists. 

Rich sources of vitamin A include dairy products such as milk cheese, butter, and ice cream. Eggs as well as internal organs such as the Hver, kidney, and heart also represent good sources. In addition, fish such as herring, sardines, and tuna, and in particular the Hver oil from certain marine organisms, are excellent sources. Because the vitamin A in these food products is derived from dietary carotenoids, vitamin A content can vary considerably. Variation of vitamin A content in food can also result from food processing and in particular, oxidation processes (8). 

Micro-organisms are rich in protein. Microbial cells can contain as much protein as conventional foods. Bacteria can contain 60-65% (as a % of dry weight) protein whereas fungi and algae contain about 40%. In addition, microbial cells can be a rich source of fibre, unsaturated fats, minerals and vitamins. They are low in saturated fats and sodium. 

In terms of amino acids bacterial protein is similar to fish protein. The yeast s protein is almost identical to soya protein fungal protein is lower than yeast protein. In addition, SCP is deficient in amino acids with a sulphur bridge, such as cystine, cysteine and methionine. SCP as a food may require supplements of cysteine and methionine whereas they have high levels of lysine vitamins and other amino acids. The vitamins of microorganisms are primarily of the B type. Vitamin B12 occurs mostly hi bacteria, whereas algae are usually rich in vitamin A. The most common vitamins in SCP are thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, choline, folic acid, inositol, biotin, B12 and P-aminobenzoic acid. Table 14.4 shows the essential amino acid analysis of SCP compared with several sources of protein. 

Plants contain to some extent less bioavailable forms of vitamin B6, e.g., glycosylates, or biologically inactive metabolites, e.g., e-pyridoxin-lysin-complexes. In addition, the release of vitamin B6 from foods rich in fiber is assumed to be delayed. The bioavailability of vitamin B6 from animal-derived foods is therefore overall higher than from plant-derived foods. Good dietary sources of vitamin B6 include chicken, fish, pork, beans, and pulses [1]. 

In the Unites States, the daily intake of 3-carotene is around 2 mg/day Several epidemiological studies have reported that consumption of carotenoid-rich foods is associated with reduced risks of certain chronic diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular disease, and age-related macular degeneration. These preventive effects of carotenoids may be related to their major function as vitamin A precursors and/or their actions as antioxidants, modulators of the immune response, and inducers of gap-junction communications. Not all carotenoids exert similar protective effects against specific diseases. By reason of the potential use of carotenoids as natural food colorants and/or for their health-promoting effects, research has focused on better understanding how they are absorbed by and metabolized in the human body. 

Inform patient about the effects of vitamin K-rich foods on warfarin therapy. Moderate intake (less than 500 to 1000 meg) of vitamin K is acceptable. Provide patient with written material regarding vitamin K content of foods. 

The final mechanism of action of PTH involves the activation of vitamin D3 through the stimulation of la-hydroxylase in the kidney. In the gastrointestinal tract, vitamin D3 is essential for the absorption of calcium. Enhanced absorption of calcium from dietary sources serves to further increase the concentration of calcium in the blood. Many foods, in particular, dairy products, which are rich in calcium, are fortified with vitamin D. The release of PTH from the parathyroid glands is regulated by plasma calcium levels through negative feedback. A decrease in the level of calcium in the blood stimulates the secretion of PTH and an increase in the calcium level in the blood inhibits it. 

Copper is a metallic element brass is an alloy or mixture of the metallic elements copper and zinc. The surfaces of copper and brass items tarnish with prolonged exposure to air, particularly in moist environments with high carbon dioxide (CO2) or sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations (see color Fig. 5.2.1). The compounds that form on the surface, ranging in color from black to blue to dark green, dissolve readily in acidic solutions. Vinegar contains acetic acid, ketchup contains tomatoes rich in ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), and onions contain malic acid and citric acid. All of these foods provide variable amounts of acid to dissolve the tarnish on copper surfaces. 

The consumption of a mixture of phenolic compounds presented in apple or purple grape juice inhibited mammary carcinogenesis in 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene (DMBA) treated rats (Liu and others 2005 Jung and others 2006). However, the individual antioxidants of these foods studied in clinical trials, including (3-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E, do not appear to have consistent preventive effects comparable to the observed health benefits of diets rich in fruits and vegetables, suggesting that natural phytochemicals in fresh fruits and vegetables could be more effective than a dietary supplement. 

---