Juices, cranberry

Cranberry juice, too acidic to be consumed as a 100% juice drink, has been sold since 1929 as cranberry juice cocktail. Juice extraction usually involves pressing the juice from thawed cranberries in a tapered screw press, which affords a 60—64% juice yield. The juice is diluted with two volumes of water and sugar is added to raise the °Brix to 15 to produce a juice cocktail. Under the Federal Food, Dmg and Cosmetic Act, cranberry juice cocktail must contain not less than 25% single-strength cranberry juice with soluble soHds content of 14—16 °Brix, vitamin C content of 30—60 mg/177 mL (6 02), and... 

The cosmopolitan was a kind of fast debutante that showed up in the 1980s and 1990s—the Cornelia Guest of cocktails. Many people claimed it, like dates who had been dumped at a club. (Ocean Spray, the cranberry juice bottler, already had on the books a very similar drink, the Harpoon. What s in a name —celebrity, or nothing.)... 

After the first few trips around the block, the cosmopolitan dropped the basics, which included cranberry juice, and started hitting the wardrobe racks. Outfits became crucial the ginger cosmo, the plum cosmo. By 2000, there were as many cosmopolitans as Sykes or Hilton sisters. 

The Adam and Eve is an apple martini, in genre. Or an apple sidecar—it is Calvados based. Or an apple cosmopolitan. It has white cranberry juice, too. But it is a very very elegant drink. As elegant as the idea of taking time off, on the spur of the moment, because you decide you deserve it. Wake up and make lunch plans. Call the office. Why not. 

Red-Headed Slut, which includes Jagermeiser, peach schnapps and cranberry juice. 

Cranberry juice has long been recommended for use in treating and preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Clinical studies have confirmed that cranberry juice is beneficial to individuals with frequent UTIs Cranberries inhibit bacteria from attaching to the walls of the urinary tract and prevent certain bacteria from forming dental plaque in the mouth. Cranberry juice is safe for use asa food and for urinary tract health. Cranberry juice and capsules have no contraindica-tions no known adverse reactions and no drug interactions The recommended dosage is9 to 15 capsules a day (400-500 mg/d) or 4 to 8 ounces of juice per day. (See Chap. 6 for more information.)... 

A. Drink one to two glasses of cranberry juice daily to promote healing of die urinary tract. 

Fuleki, T. and Francis, F.J., Quantitative methods for anthocyanins. 2. Determination of total anthocyanin and degradation index for cranberry juice, J. Food Set, 33, 78, 1968. 

Ohnishi, R. et al., Urinary excretion of anthocyanins in humans after cranberry juice ingestion, BioscL Biotechnol. Biochem., 70, 1681, 2006. 

Chen H, Zuo Y and Deng Y. 2001. Separation and determination of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in cranberry juice by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 913( 1—2) 387—395. 

Flavonoids are present in other beverages besides wine and tea. For example, pomegranate and cranberry juice contain high concentrations of polyphenols and a strong antioxidant activity against LDL oxidation. Their antioxidant capacity depends not only on the amount but also on the type of flavonoids present (Aviram and Fuhrman 2003). 

Duthie SJ, Jenkinson AMCE, Crozier A, Mullen W, Pirie L, Kyle J, Yap LS, Christen P and Duthie GG. 2006. The effects of cranberry juice consumption on antioxidant status and biomarkers relating to heart disease and cancer in healthy human volunteers. Eur J Nutr 45(2) 113-122. 

RP-HPLC has been employed for the determination of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in cranberry juice. The neutral and acidic analytes were preconcentrated octadecyl silica SPE cartridges conditioned with distilled water (neutral analytes) or with 0.01 M HC1 (acidic compounds). Hydrolysis of samples was carried out in aqueous methanol solution acidified with 6 M HC1 at 35°C for 16h. Chromatographic separation was performed in an ODS column (150 X 4.6mm i.d. particle size 5/.an). Solvents A and B were water-acetic acid (97 3, v/v) and methanol, respectively. The gradient started with 0 per cent B (flow rate, 0.9 ml/min), reached 10 per cent B in lQmin (flowrate, 1.0 ml/min) and increased to 70 per cent B in 40min (flowrate, 1.0 ml/min). Analytes were detected at 280 and 360 nm. Some typical chromatograms are presented in Fig. 2.71. The concentrations of flavonoids and phenolic acids are compiled in Table 2.69. It was stated that the SPE-HPLC procedure makes possible the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, therefore, it can be employed for the measurement of these classes of analytes in other fruit juices [188],... 

Fig. 2.71. HPLC chromatogram of the neutral (a) and acidic fractions (b) and the acid-catalysed hydrolysed product of freshly squeezed cranberry juice (c) at 280 nnm. Peaks in a 1 = ( + )-cate-chin 2 = myicetin 3 = quercetin (added as internal standard). Peaks in b 1 = anthocyanin derivative I 2 = benzoic acid 3 = p-anisic acid 4 = quercetin (added as internal standard). Peaks in c 1 = ( + )-catechin 2 = anthocyanin derivative I 3 = anthocyanin derivative II 4 = benzoic acid 5 = anthocyanin derivative III 6 = p-anisic acid 7 = myricetin 8 = quercetin. Reprinted with permission from H. Chen et al. [188].

CONCENTRATIONS OF FLAVONOIDS AND PHENOLIC ACIDS IN CRANBERRY JUICE SAMPLES... 

In addition to reducing urinary and stomach infections, cranberry juice has also been shovm to have anti-adhesive activity against oral bacteria, such as S. mutans (Guo et al, 1998 Weiss et al, 2002). In the latter study, the ability of saliva-coated S. mutans to adhere to saliva- or glucan-coated hydroxyapatite in the presence of 25% cranberry juice was greatly reduced by 40-85% as compared to the control, indicating that cranberry... 

Burger, O., Weiss, E., Sharon, N., Tabak, M., Neeman, I., and Ofek, I. (2002). Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori adhesion to human gastric mucus by a high-molecular-weight constituent of cranberry juice. Grit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 42, 279-284. 

Koo, H., Nino de Guzman, P., Schobel, B. D., Vacca Smith, A. V., and Bowen, W. IT. (2006). Influence of cranberry juice on glucan-mediated processes involved in Streptococcus mutans biofilm development. Caries Res. 40, 20-27. 

Shmuely, H., Yahav, J., Samra, Z., Chodick, G., Koren, R., Niv, Y., and Ofek, I. (2007). Effect of cranberry juice on eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients treated with antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 51, 746-751. 

Zafriri, D., Ofek, I., Adar, R., Pocino, M., and Sharon, N. (1989). Inhibitory activity of cranberry juice on adherence of type 1 and type P fimbriated Escherichia coli to eukaryotic cells. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33, 92-98. 

Leitao DP, PoUzello AC, Ito lY, Spadaro AC. (2005) Antibacterial screening of anthocyanic and proanthocyanic fraction from cranberry juice. J Med Food 8 36-40. 

Administer delavirdine with or without food. Patients with achlorhydria should take delavirdine with an acidic beverage (eg, orange or cranberry juice). However, the effect of an acidic beverage on the absorption of delavirdine in patients with achlorhydria has not been investigated. 

The time course of protein-polyphenol haze development in many packaged clear beverages has a two-phase pattern (see, for example, Fig. 2.17). At first no observable change occurs for some time. After this, haze formation begins and follows an essentially linear development rate. This phenomenon has been reported in beer (McMurrough et al., 1992) as well as apple juice, grape juice, and cranberry juice cocktail (Siebert, 1999, 2006). 

FIGURE 2.17 The haze development pattern in cranberry juice cocktail stored at 37 °C. Reprinted with permission from Siebert (1999). Copyright 1999 American Chemical Society. 

Diuretics make people urinate frequently. Coffee, cranberry juice, beer, iced tea, herbal tea, and Pepsi are all good diuretics. Grapes are known to be very good diuretics. Diuretics without caffeine or alcohol are recommended because caffeine and alcohol have negative side effects. Cranberry juice is also the cheapest. Avoid salts. Herbal diuretics do better than home remedies like juices. 

Cranberry juice was also studied by Chen et al. [331] who fonnd that benzoic acid is the major phenolic acid in this kind of sample, and it is mainly present as a free acid, nnlike flavonoids, which are mainly present in the esterihed form. 

May take without regard to food patients with achlorhydria should take with acidic beverage (orange or cranberry juice) may cause alcohol intolerance... 

Among the numerous applications of SPE are separations of phenolic acids and flavonoids from wines and fruit juices. Sep-Pak Cig cartridges have been used for the fractionation of flavonol glycosides and phenolic compounds from cranberry juice into neutral and acidic parts before HPLC analysis. Antimutagenic flavonoids were identified in aqueous extracts of dry spinach after removal of lipophilic compounds by SPE. ... 

Krueger, C.G., Vestling, M.M., and Reed, J.D., Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of anthocyanin-polyflavan-3-ol oligomers in cranberry fruit (Vacci-nium macrocarpon. Ait.) and spray-dried cranberry juice, ACS Symp. Ser., 886, 232, 2004. 

Zhang, K. and Zuo, Y., GC-MS determination of flavonoids and phenolic and benzoic acids in human plasma after consumption of cranberry juice, J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 222, 2004. 

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