Limitation capacity

The efficiency of gas turbines is limited by the maximum allowable turbine inlet temperature (TIT). The TIT may be increased by cooling of the blades and vanes of the high pressure turbine. Cooling channels can be casted into the components or may be drilled afterwards. Non-conventional processes like EDM, ECD or Laser are used for drilling. Radiographic examination of the drilled components is part of the inspection procedure. Traditional X-Ray film technique has been used. The consumable costs, the waste disposal and the limited capacity of the two film units lead to the decision to investigate the alternative of Real-Time X-Ray. 

The sulfur removed via these fixed-bed metal oxide processes is generally not recovered. Rather the sulfur and sorbent material both undergo disposal. Because the sorbent bed has a limited capacity and the sulfur is not recovered, the appHcation of these processes is limited to gas streams of limited volumetric rate having low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. 

Removal of color by adsorption using activated carbon is also employed. Activated carbon is very good at removing low levels of soluble chemicals, including dyes. Its main drawback is its limited capacity. Consequentiy, activated carbon is best for removing color from dilute effluent (see Carbon, ACTIVATED CARBON). 

Eoint-source pump of limited capacity. Experience has indicated that earings are a serious problem with mechanical-aeration equipment. Wave action generated within the aeration tank tends to produce lateral stresses on the bearings and has resulted in failures and increased... 

Radius tip pinched against inlet weir. Limited capacity. High pressure drop as rates were increased. Design and installation error. 

Bubble caps at outlet side blowing liquid into downcomer limiting capacity. At high rates, separation was reduced as in entrainment. Calculations indicated this should not happen. Scan indicated problem. Debottlenecking activity. 

Tray active panels installed with valves under downcomer of tray above. Limited capacity. High and unstable pressure drop at moderate rates. Installation and inspection error. 

Trays from one section installed in wrong section. Limited capacity. High pressure drop. Flooding in restricted section. Installation error. 

Downcomers sized too small for actual flow. Limited capacity. Design error. 

Reboiler return line sized too small. Poor separation limited capacity. Unstable operation. Expansion design error. 

Carbonaceous exchangers Ion-exchange materials of limited capacity pre- pared by the sulfonation of coal, lignite, peat, and so on. 

Control Valve - A control valve with a limit stop to restrict the maximum opening is not normally acceptable as a means of limiting the capacity of a pressurizing path, since the stop may later be removed or the valve changed. Credit for the limiting capacity of a control valve in the wide open position may be taken only if all of the following conditions apply ... 

Limit the total possible charge to a batch reactor by using a precharge or feed tank of limited capacity. Alternatively, limit the addition rate by selecting a pump with a maximum capacity lower than the safe maximum addition rate for the process, or by using restriction orifices. 

Note that jet flooding capacity is fairly insensitive to system physical properties, but that the system limit capacity is strongly dependent on physical properties. 

Lobo, W. E., L. Friend, F. Hashmall and F. Zenz, Limiting Capacity of Dumped Tower Packings, Trans. Amer. Inst. Chem. Engrs. 41, 693 (1945). 

A buffer has a limited capacity to react with H+ or OH- ions without undergoing a drastic change in pH. To see why this is die case, consider Figure 14.3, which applies to the H2C03-HC03- buffer system (IQH2CO3 = 4 X 10-7). 

Radical polymerization is often the preferred mechanism for forming polymers and most commercial polymer materials involve radical chemistry at some stage of their production cycle. From both economic and practical viewpoints, the advantages of radical over other forms of polymerization arc many (Chapter 1). However, one of the often-cited "problems" with radical polymerization is a perceived lack of control over the process the inability to precisely control molecular weight and distribution, limited capacity to make complex architectures and the range of undefined defect structures and other forms of "structure irregularity" that may be present in polymers prepared by this mechanism. Much research has been directed at providing answers for problems of this nature. In this, and in the subsequent chapter, we detail the current status of the efforts to redress these issues. In this chapter, wc focus on how to achieve control by appropriate selection of the reaction conditions in conventional radical polymerization. 

In view of the limited capacity of the sulfur atom in the sulfoxide and sulfone functional groups to transmit conjugative effects due to the insulating effect of the LUMO sulfur d-orbitals45,46,56, the application of the UV technique even in the case of the cyclic vinyl sulfones (e.g. thiete dioxides 6b) cannot be expected to find extensive use. UV spectra of substituted thiete dioxides in which an extended conjugated system (e.g. 194) exists in the molecule, did provide useful information for structure elucidation231. However, the extent... 

There is only a limited capacity to metabolize vitamin A, and excessive intakes lead to accumulation beyond the capacity of binding proteins, so that unbound vitamin A causes tissue damage. Symptoms of toxicity affect the central nervous system (headache, nausea. 

---