Dietary intakes

Phenylpyruvic acid can cause mental retardation m infants who are deficient m the enzymes necessary to convert l phenylalanine to l tyrosine This disorder is called phenylketonuria, or PKU disease PKU disease can be detected by a simple test rou tmely administered to newborns It cannot be cured but is controlled by restricting the dietary intake of l phenylalanine In practice this means avoiding foods such as meat that are rich m l phenylalanine... 

Thus the ADI in mg per kg per day is an estimate of the daily pesticide dietary intake that appears to be without risk over the entire human lifetime. ADI values are estabHshed and periodically reviewed by joint committees of the Eood and Agricultural Organization (EAO) and WHO of the United Nations. 

The amount of each element required in daily dietary intake varies with the individual bioavailabihty of the mineral nutrient. BioavailabiUty depends both on body need as deterrnined by absorption and excretion patterns of the element and by general solubiUty, and on the absence of substances that may cause formation of iasoluble products, eg, calcium phosphate, Ca2(P0 2- some cases, additional requirements exist either for transport of substances or for uptake or binding. For example, calcium-binding proteias are iavolved ia calcium transport an intrinsic factor is needed for vitamin cobalt,... 

Manganese. The adult human body contains ca 10—20 mg of manganese (124,125), widely distributed throughout the body. The largest Mg " concentration is in the mitochondria of the soft tissues, especially in the Hver, pancreas, and kidneys (124,126). Manganese concentration in bone varies widely with dietary intake (126) (see Table 10). 

Table 8. Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake ...

Smaller pool sizes with normal semm B 2 levels may be maintained with dietary intakes below 1 pg. However, more substantial pool sizes are considered advantageous as protection against the development of pernicious anemia, which may occur in advanced age achlorhydria becomes more common after age 60, resulting in compromised absorption of vitamin 2-... 

Owing to the ubiquitous natural occurrence of vitamin K and its production by intestinal bacteria, vitamin K deficiencies are rare. However, they can be caused by certain antibiotics (qv) coupled with a reduced dietary intake. Newborn infants who do not possess the necessary intestinal bacterial population are at danger for vitamin K deficiency. As a result, vitamin K injections are routinely given to the newborn. 

Anorexia Anorexia is loss of appetite. You may be familiar with the eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, in which the victim restricts dietary intake to starvation levels. Anorexia may be a symptom of acute or chronic exposure to certain chemicals. If you have suffered an unexplained loss of appetite in conjunction with other unusual symptoms, you may want to explore the MSDSs for chemicals that... 

Mobilization of Fats from Dietary Intake and Adipo.se Ti.ssne /3-Oxidation of Fatty Acids /3-Oxidation of Odd-Carbon Fatty Acids /3-Oxidation of Unsatnrated Fatty Acids Other Aspects of Fatty Acid Oxidation... 

Mobilization of Fats from Dietary Intake and Adipose Tissue... 

A deficiency of this vitamin caused by a low dietary intake of vitamin B12 is rare because the vitamin is found in meats, milk, eggs, and cheese. The body is also able to store this vitamin a deficiency, for any reason, will not occur for 5 to 6 years. 

Gunderson EL. 1995a. Dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals FDA total diet study, June 1984-April 1986. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 78 910. 

Hamilton DJ, Holland PT, Ohlin B, et al. 1999. Optimum use of available residue data in the estimation of dietary intake of pesticides. Pestic Sci 55(2) 220-221. 

In Hsinchu, Taiwan, the dietary intake of a- and P-endosulfan was studied from June 1996 to April 1997 (Doong and Lee 1999). p-Endosulfan was not detected in any of the 14 different foods studied, including fruits, meats, seafood, and cereal, and a-endosulfan, by contrast, was found in 78 of 149 samples at an average concentration of 2.76 ng/g wet weight. Based on the average Taiwanese diet, the estimated daily intake of a-endosulfan was 6.24x10 " mg body weight/day. 

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