Age-related macular degeneration AMD

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of irreversible vision loss in developed countries (Figs. 60-2 and 60-3). The prevalence increases with age.20 In the United States, 1.75 million people age 40 or older have AMD another 7 million people are at substantial risk of developing it. Because of the rapid aging of the United States population, it is projected that almost 3 million people will develop AMD by 2020.21 The causes of AMD are not completely known (Table 60-7). 

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of irreversible blindness in the Western world and affects 20% of people older than 65 years (Krinsky and others 2003). The macula, or yellow spot, is part of the retina and is the area of maximum visual... 

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of central vision impairment in the elderly 815... 

Clinical trials have also been conducted to study the effect of the antioxidants on the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and vision loss. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group recommends supplements of zinc and antioxidants for adults at risk for developing AMD. However, the group... 

Mechanism of Action-. A selective vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonize that selectively binds and activates receptors located on the surface of vascular endothelial cells. Therapeutic Effect Blocks angiogenesis and vascular permeability and inflammation which contribute to the progression of the neovascular (wet) form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 

It is also well documented that an antioxidant-rich diet protects against age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss among the elderly. Development of AMD in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is associated with oxidative stress. King and co-workers [2005] reported that resveratrol treatment (100 pmol/L) inhibited basal and H202-induced... 

Pathologic neovascularization of the retina is central to several debilitating ocular diseases including proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Diabetic retinopathy (primarily retinal NV) and the wet form of AMD (primarily choroidal NY) are the leading causes of blindness in developed countries. 

Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) —No effect Vit E only + Vit E + D + selenium Moriarty-Craige et al., 2005. 

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