Supplemental Requirements

Most vessels bearing the ASME stamp, for example, are designed to comply with the requirements of the ASME Code and also with varying supplemental requirements which must be made known to the designer and to the fabricator. Frequently, one or more of these supplemental requirements may be of greater significance to the performance and safety of a vessel than any of the code requirements. 

A code provides only a basic framework of minimum acceptable practices with which compliance is necessary to obtain a vessel that is structurally safe at the design pressure and temperature. It is not a designer s handbook. The perfect code would be one which provides an optimum balance between a minimum number of mandatory requirements and maximum latitude within which the designer may exercise his technological expertise and good engineering judgment. A specification, on the other hand, is a consolidation of requirements drawn from applicable codes and standards. 

The design of vessels for refinery and chemical plant services usually involves a good many factors that fall somewhere between a code and a specification and result from the extremely wide range of conditions imposed on containment equipment by the various processes. Temperatures encountered in day-to-day operations can vary from -265°F to almost the melting points of steels. Pressures range from near vacuum to 5,000 psi and occasionally higher. 

Environments can vary from strongly alkaline to highly acidic. Concurrently, there may be severe erosion, vibration, corrosion, thermal transients or 

ASME Section VIII, Division 1 requirements to prevent brittle fracture are 15 ft. -lb. Charpy Keyhole applied only below -20°F. Until recently, these requirements were thought to protect against brittle fracture. In the past few years, however, a considerable number of catastrophic brittle fractures in thick-wall pressure vessels have occurred throughout all industry. In each instance, the code impact values seemed to have been met or exceeded. 

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Extreme Low Temperature. Maximum load ratings shall be established at room temperature and shall be valid down to 0°F (-18°C). The equipment at rated loads when temperature is less than 0°F is not recommended unless provided for by the supplemental requirements. When the equipment is operating at lower temperatures, the lower impact absorbing characteristics of many steels must be considered. 

Labeling Supplement = all label change supplements required under 21 CFR 314.70 and 21 CFR 601.12 that do not qualify as efficacy supplements ... 

Non-enteric-coated pancreatic enzyme supplements require high doses to compensate for loss of enzyme due to... 

Most pancreatic enzyme supplements are enteric coated to release enzymes in the alkaline environment of the intestine this minimizes enzyme destruction in the stomach. Enteric-coated pancreatic enzyme supplements require fewer daily dosage units, but delivery of the drug to the site of action and effectiveness may be delayed by gastric emptying time.41... 

The pipe or tubing shall be scanned in both circumferential directions in accordance with Supplemental Requirement SI of ASTM E 213. Removal of external weld reinforcement of welded pipe may be necessary prior to this examination. 

There are currently no standard API 5L microalloy grades. The purchaser would have to specify appropriate supplemental requirements to achieve the benefits of microalloy steel. 

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (1994) Amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 to establish standards with respect to dietary supplements. Required the establishment of specific ingredient and nutrition information labeling that defines dietary supplements and classifies them as part of the food supply. 

Clarkson PM. 1997. Effects of exercise on chromium levels Is supplementation required Sports Med 23(6) 341-349. 

Functional Use in Foods Nutrient dietary supplement. REQUIREMENTS... 

Transverse Charpy V notch shall be specified as a supplemental requirement... 

The study of a pharmacological agent, such as a prescription medicine, an over-the-counter drug, an alternative medicine such as St. John s wort, or even a nutritional supplement, requires an interdisciplinary approach. Knowledge of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics, chronopharmacology, modulators, and biologic/molecular markers must all be incorporated to ensure the development of safe... 

Duerksen DR, Papineau N. Is routine vitamin K supplementation required in hospitalized patients receiving parenteral nutrition Nutr Clin Pract 2000 15 81-83. 

Product Analysis is a chemical report that a particular product form, such as tubing or pipe fitting, is made from a specific heat of metal. Product analyses ensure that substitutions have not been made during processing the metal. Product analyses are called out as supplemental requirements in ASTM specifications and cost extra, unlike the MTR or COC. 

Applications requiring clinical data Applications not requiring clinical data Supplements requiring clinical data Establishments Products US 533 400 US 266 700 US 266 700 US 209 900 US 32 400... 

D. hansenii has some other advantages over other yeasts, as it also tolerates high concentrations of inhibitors and is able to grow with a high biomass yield and productivity, with minimum supplement requirements. For BSG hemicellulosic two-step hydrolyzate,... 

Supplemental requirements used by Esso Research Engineering Company for brittle fracture prevention, based on the foregoing, are given in Table 4-3. Since these requirements are more severe than the long-standing code requirements, a few words of substantiation are in order. 

A further supplemental requirement having to do with ductility is that the elongation over a 2-inch gage length as determined by the conventional ASTM tensUe test shall be at least 16% for plates and 14% for forgings. 

In accordance with these definitions, stress-corrosion cracking has been a familiar problem in the petroleum and chemical industries for decades. Consequently, measures seem to be rather well established and generally known for preventing stress-corrosion cracking or for keeping it in check. Where conditions are such that this type of hydrogen attack can be expected, appropriate supplemental requirements should be included in the specification. A vessel built only to code requirements could be rendered unserviceable in a matter of hours by stress-corrosion cracking. 

Investigation of these and other factors has been mainly at atmospheric temperatures. Consequently, for process vessels operating at elevated temperatures in the presence of hydrogen, serious questions arise as to necessary supplemental requirements, particularly if one or more of the factors listed become more severe. 

In most applications, the decision has been to use the steel m a normalized and tempered rather than a quenched and tempered condition of heat treatment. Furthermore, to keep certain metallurgical factors within tolerable limits, the following supplemental requirements were considered necessary ... 

The foregoing supplemental requirements are not of an anticipatory nature. Each is based on a significant number of actual pressure vessel failures. 

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