Fatty cream base

Eczema is managed by emollients and topical corticosteroids. Fatty cream base is an emollient and is therefore indicated in eczema. Podophyllum is used in warts, lidocaine is an anaesthetic, calcipotriol is used in psoriasis and... 

Ricinoleic acid (Figure 3.8) is the major fatty acid found in castor oil from seeds of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae), and is the 12-hydroxy derivative of oleic acid. It is formed by direct hydroxylation of oleic acid (usually esterified as part of a phospholipid) by the action of an 02- and NADPH-dependent mixed function oxidase, but this is not of the cytochrome P-450 type. Castor oil has a long history of use as a domestic purgative, but it is now mainly employed as a cream base. Undecenoic acid (A9-undecenoic acid) can be obtained from ricinoleic acid by thermal degradation, and as the zinc salt or in ester form is used in fungistatic preparations. 

Softisan . [HOls Am. HOls AG] Triglycerides of saturated fatty acids moisturizer, cream base, emdlient... 

The lipophilic phase comprises usually about 70-75 % of the total amount of the cream base. The lipophilic phase may consist of fatty oils (usually arachis oil), waxes such as decyl oleate, wool fat and white wax or hydrocarbons such as liquid paraffins or white soft paraffin (see Sect. 23.3.5 for descriptions). They determine consistency and spreadability. A w/o surfactant is added (see Sect. 12.5.4). The emulsifying properties of w/o surfactants are weaker than those of o/w surfactants. Therefore they are often used in a higher quantity. The physical stability of w/o creams is limited. Eor instance the addition of phenols, acids and alcoholic fluids may lead to phase separation. Most hydrophobic creams only include less than 5 % alcohols. 

For the preparation of the hydrophilic cream base the excipients have to be divided into hydrophilic and lipophilic ones, forming the aqueous and lipophilic phase respectively. The aqueous phase consists of water, often sorbitol solution 70 %, glycerol 85 %, propylene glycol or sorbic acid and other dissolved substances as far as they are not volatile or degrade while being warmed. The lipophilic phase consists of fats, fatty oils, surfactant(s) and oil-soluble substances. The two phases are warmed separately to about 70-80 °C. The aqueous phase is added to the lipophilic phase, usually in one time or sometimes in portions. The mixture is stirred immediately after the addition and continued until the structure of the cream is built. Then stirring can be slowed down to prevent too much air being included in the cream. The evaporated water has to be compensated for. 

Uses Emulsifier, stabilizer, opacifier, vise, builder In foods, cosmetics, phannaceu-ticals (vitamin carrier, ointment and cream bases) dispersant and solubilizing agent for flavors, essential oils and vitamins Regulatory FDA 21 CFR 175.300,175.320,184.1323 (GRAS) kosher Properties Gardner 6 liq. mild, fatty odor sp. gr. 0.94 vise. 92.0 cps (100 F) HLB 3.4 iodine no. 78 sapon. no. 168 flash pt. 239 C 40-45% cone. 

One frozen dessert is made with Simplesse, a protein-based fat mimetic that contains no fat (37). Other dairy product developments include a fat flavor, produced by encapsulating milk fatty acids in maltodextrins (38) fat-free cottage cheeses and 2% fat milk, prepared by steam stripping cream with partial fat addback, with a cholesterol level about 60% lower than the starting material (39). 

Cosmetics and Personal Care Products. Alkanolamines ate important taw materials in the manufacture of creams (95—97), lotions, shampoos, soaps, and cosmetics. Soaps (98) formed from triethanolamine and fatty acids ate mild, with low alkalinity and excellent detergency. Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate is a common base for shampoos (99—101) and offers significant mildness over sodiumlauryl sulfate. Diethanolamine lauryl sulfate and fatty acid soaps of mono- and trietban olamine can also be used in shampoos and bubble bath formulations. Chemistry similar to that used in soluble oils and other emulsifiers is appUcable to cleansing creams and lotions (102,103). Alkanolamides or salts ate added to the shampoo base to give a smooth, dense foam (104). 

Emulsions of fatty- and petroleum-based substances, both oils and waxes, of the o/w type are made by using blends of sorbitan fatty esters and their poly(oxyethylene) derivatives. Mixtures of poly(oxyethylene(20)) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) and sorbitan monostearate are typical examples of blends used for lotions and creams. Both sorbitan fatty acid esters and their poly(oxyethylene) derivatives are particularly advantageous in cosmetic uses because of their very low skin irritant properties. Sorbitan fatty ester emulsifiers for w/o emulsions of mineral oil are used in hair preparations of both the lotion and cream type. Poly(oxyethylene(20)) sorbitan monolaurate is useflil in shampoo formulations (see Hairpreparations). Poly(oxyethylene) sorbitan surfactants are also used for solubilization of essential oils in the preparation of colognes and after-shave lotions. 

Lipolysed milk fat was one of the first flavours produced with the help of enzymes. The original process was based on the controlled lipase-catalysed hydrolysis of cream [18]. For instance, Mucor miehei lipase possesses a high selectivity towards flavour-active short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, lipases that prefer long-chain fatty acids or lipases without particular preferences can be found. The free fatty acids produced can be isolated by steam distillation and further purified. Thus, it is possible to obtain pure short-chain fatty acids like butanoic, hexanoic, octanoic and decanoic acid. 

Early oxidation hair dyes were used in solution form these have been replaced by cream- or gel-based formulas. The oil-in-water emulsions commonly used can be supplemented with auxiliary ingredients, such as polymers to improve combing ability, as well as other conditioning additives. Extensive patent literature is available on this point [35], Gel formulations may be based on alcoholic solutions of nonionic surfactants or fatty acid alkanolamide solutions, which form a gel when mixed with the oxidant. The type (emulsion or gel) and the basic composition of the preparation strongly influence dyeing [47], Different base formulations with the same dye content yield varying color depths and shading due to the distribution of the dye between the different phases of the product, interaction with surfactants, and diffusion from the product into the hair. 

The bases of most functional products possess more-or-less undesirable odor qualities. In creams, soaps, and detergent-based products, it is the greasy or waxy note of fatty acids and their derivatives in cold-wave lotions, depilatories, and insecticides, the pungent smell of active agents in window cleaners and nail polish removers, the sweet "chemical" odor of organic solvents. 

An increasing problem is lipolysis in butter fat after manufacturing, which is caused by thermoresistant hpase enzymes that are created in the milk or cream by psycho-trophic bacteria or by residual native lipases that sirrvive pasteurization. Based on a determination of the lipase activity in cream, the keeping quality of manufactured butter in regard to hpolysis can be predicted with reasonable accirracy. A similar prediction for sweet cream butter can be based on lipase activity in the serum phase (71). The characteristic lipolytic flavors that can develop in milk products are primarily associated with the short- and medium-chain fatty acids that are relatively abundant in milkfat they have lower flavor threshold values than the long-chain fatty acids. As a result of improvements in the quality of raw milk and the standards of processing, lipolytic rancidity is seldom present in the fat source before its use in recombination (72). 

Anionic emulsifying wax is used in cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical formulations primarily as an emulsifying agent. The wax is added to fatty or paraffin bases to facilitate the production of oil-in-water emulsions that are nongreasy. In concentrations of about 2%, emulsions are pourable stiffer emulsions, e.g., aqueous cream BP, may contain up to 10% of anionic emulsifying wax. 

Cleansing creams and lotions are detergent-based or emulsified oil systems that are designed primarily for the removal of surface oil, pollutants, or cellular debris along with makeup from the face and neck areas. Most emulsified cleansing creams are manufactured similar to cold creams but modified to enhance their debris-removal capability. They usually contain from 15 to 50 percent oils (e.g., mineral oil, vegetable oils, fatty esters, and propoxylated oils) with limited quantities of waxy materials. 

Emulgade . [Henkel/Cospha Henkel Canda Henkel KGaA Pulcra SA] Fatty idcohol blends emulsifier, base for creams and lotions hair conditioner, antistat... 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) BRN 1805188 Cetin Cetyl palmitate EINECS 208-736-6 Hexadecanoic acid, hexadecyl ester, Hexadecyl palmitate Kemester CP, Kessco 653 Palmitic ack), hexadecyl ester Palmityl palmitate Radia 7500 Rewowax CG Standamul 1616 Waxenol 815 Crodamol CP. Emollient for replacing spermaceti wax. Used as a base for ointments and in manufacture of candles and soaps, as a consistency factor in creams, ointmnets, liquid emulsions and fatty make-ups. Leaflets mp = 54" 6 = 0.989 insoluble in H2O, very soluble in EtOH, Et20. Croda Surfactants Henket/Cospha Henkel Sherex Smith Werner G. Stepan Witco/Humko. 

Uses Skin softener, nonoily emollient for cosmetic creams/lotions, bath oils, blushers, skin fresheners, aftershaves, nail enamel removers binder lubricant dispersant emulsifier food pkg. adhesives, coatings, paper, polymers defoamer for aq. systems, food contact, mold release applies., paints, ceramics, grinding fluids, hydraulic fluids lubricant base for textiles, paper, metalworking formulations chemical intermediate for fatty acid esters component for urethanes... 

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